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Technological Environment in India

The document discusses India's technological environment and policies. It outlines key features of technology like continuous change and widespread impacts. It also examines problems that necessitated a focus on technology like resource constraints. The impacts of technology discussed include increased productivity, need for R&D spending, more intellectual jobs, and increased regulation. India's policy aims to develop indigenous technology, adapt imported tech, and strengthen areas like agriculture, renewable energy and housing. The policy focuses on increasing R&D spending, skilled workforce, and basic science research.

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68 views

Technological Environment in India

The document discusses India's technological environment and policies. It outlines key features of technology like continuous change and widespread impacts. It also examines problems that necessitated a focus on technology like resource constraints. The impacts of technology discussed include increased productivity, need for R&D spending, more intellectual jobs, and increased regulation. India's policy aims to develop indigenous technology, adapt imported tech, and strengthen areas like agriculture, renewable energy and housing. The policy focuses on increasing R&D spending, skilled workforce, and basic science research.

Uploaded by

spikedudley
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Technological Environment

In India
What is Technology?

•“Systematic application of scientific or other organized


knowledge to practical tasks”
•The important feature of technology is its change and
then more change.
•Technological impacts are wide spread, reaching far
beyond the immediate point of technological impact.
Features of Technology

•Technology continuously keeps changing. The time gap


between idea and implementation is falling rapidly and
the time between introduction and peak production is
shortening considerably.

•Effects of technology are widespread and are reaching


beyond the immediate point of technological impact.

•Technology is self-reinforcing. “Technology feeds on


itself. Technology makes more technology possible”. It
acts as a multiplier to its own faster development.
Problems that gave Rise to
Technological Environment

Resources crunch

Balance of Payment position


Shortage of foreign exchange

Commitment to excellence

Advantage over competitors

High expectations of
customers
Impact of technology
1. Increased Productivity
•The most fundamental effect of technology is greater
productivity in terms of both quality and quantity.
•As a result of productivity, prices of some products
decline, which spreads the beneficial economic effects of
technology throughout the whole social system.
2. need to spend on R&D
•R&D assumes considerable relevance in technological
advances.
•To gain competitive edge and market share in the
global market, technological advancement is necessary.
To achieve technological advancement company has to
spend on the R&D by introducing new innovations.
3. Jobs tend to become More
intellectual
•With the advent of technology, jobs tend to become
more intellectual or upgraded.
•A job handled by an illiterate and unskilled workers,
requires services of an expert, educated and competent
engineers.
•Introduction of new technology dislocates some
workers unless they are well-equipped to work on new
machines.
4. Increased Regulation and Stiff
Opposition
•A by- product of technological advancement is the
ever-increasing regulation on business by the govt. and
stiff opposition from the public.
•The govt. has the powers to investigate and ban
products that are directly harmful or hurt the sentiments
of society.
5. Demand for Capital
•Today’s technology necessitates investment of money
on acquiring or discovering of new ideas and their
adoption; education, training and maintaining of the
managers and several other related areas.
•Business organizations should raise huge fund, to
adopt new technological advancements.
6. Business Boundaries Redefined
•Technological change is one of the important factors
giving rise to product substitution and product
differentiation.
•For multi product companies technological change
may have multiple impacts.
•Helps in widening the market with in the country and
outside the country.
7. Social Change
•There is the change in social life which results from a
change in a technological process.
•Changes the patterns of social life.
•Status differences are likely to be created by
technological advancement in developing countries.
8. System Complexity
•Technology has resulted in system complexity.
•Modern machines work better and faster, but of they
fail, they need services of experts to repair.
•Technological system is interdependent system. Failure
of any other variables create system complexity.
9. High Expectations of Consumers
•Technology has contributed to the emergence of new
society. Now consumers want more of many things than
more of some things.
• New varieties of products, superior quality, free from
pollution, more safe and more comfortable products are
to be produced and supplied to the new sections of
consumers.
10. Resistance to Change
•New technology poses new problems which may not
be to the liking of the organizational employees.
•Fear of loosing job, increased work load, makes people
to resist the technological change.
Research and Development in India
•Though India has an elaborate science and
technological policy, the expenditure on R&D is
typically low.
• It encourages R&D activities through public
institutional infrastructure and fiscal concessions.
•India currently spends about 0.8% of GDP on R&D ,
science and technological policy.
•Target to rise this expenditure to 2% by the year 2007.
Research and Development in India
•In India there are more than 500 science and 1220 in
house research and development laboratories.
• There is also the Department of Science and
Technology, an administrative wing of the Govt. to
coordinate the activities of all research and technical
activities in the country.
•The country has state sponsored institutional
arrangement for the development of science and
technology in diverse areas of the economy. They are
Research and Development in India

 Indian council of scientific research (ICSR)


 Department of science and technology (DST)
 Indian council of medical research (ICMR)
 Indian space research organization (ISRO)
Scheme on drugs and pharmaceuticals research
Technology policy
• Technology must suit local needs and to make an
impact on the lives of ordinary citizens.
•It must give importance to even small improvements
which could make better and more cost effective uses of
existing materials and the methods of work.
Aims of Technology Policy
• The basic objectives of the technology policy will be
the development of indigenous technology and
adaptation of imported technology appropriate to
national priorities and resources.
• Other aims are –
 Attain technological competence and self-reliance .
 Sustainable and equitable development.
Maintenance of national security.
To enhance international competitiveness of Indian
industries.
Aims of Technology Policy
 To use traditional skills and capabilities and making
them commercially competitive.
 Ensure maximum developments with minimum
capital outlay.
 To develop technologies which are internationally
competitive, particularly those with export potential.
 reduce demands on energy, particularly energy from
non-renewable sources.
To reduce waste materials and make full utilization of
by products.
Strengthening the Technology Base
• Special attention given to promotion and
strengthening of the technology base in newly emerging
frontier areas such as information and material sciences
and bio-technology etc.
• Skills and skilled workers will be accorded
recognition.
• The quality and efficiency of the technology
generation and delivery system will be continuously
monitored and upgraded.
Strengthening the Technology Base
•Technologies relevant to the cottage, village and small
industries sector will be upgraded.
•Measures will be devised to avoid wastage and to
optimal use of energy.
Some Specific Areas
• In technology development, special emphasis will be
focused on-
 Agriculture including dry-land farming
 Low cost housing
Development and use of renewable and non-
conventional sources of energy.
Industrial development
Optimum use of water resources.
Indigenous technology Development

• fullest support will be given to the development of


indigenous technology to achieve technological self-
reliance and reduce the dependence on foreign inputs.
• Strengthening and diversifying the domestic
technology to reduce imports and to expand exports.
•Suitable fiscal mechanism will be established to
facilitate investments on indigenous technology.
• existing design engneering will be strengthened.
Mix of Indigenous and Imported
Technology
• technology policy will be directed towards adopting
imported technology in few areas.
• In the acquisition of technology, consideration will be
given to the choice and sources of technology, costs and
related conditions.
• A National Registry on foreign collaboration will be
developed to provide analytical inputs at various stages
of technological acquisition.
Technology Policy 2003
Objectives
• Advancing scientific temper for a progressive and
enlightened society.
•Strengthening, enabling mechanisms that relate
technology developments.
•Providing functional autonomy and freedom at all
academic and R&D institutions.
Technology Policy 2003
• Promoting empowerment of women to all science and
technological activities.
•Accomplishing national strategy and security related
objectives using the latest technology.
Strategic Point
• Strengthening measures to increase the rate of
generation of high quality skilled technical manpower at
various levels.
• Establishing new funding mechanisms for promoting
basic science research.
• Evolving mechanism for making S&T personnel an
integral part of planning.
Strategic Point
•Making arrangements and creating facilities for
developing indigenous knowledge for wealth and
employment generation.
• strengthening S&T infrastructure in academic
institutions.
•Policy decided to spend 0.8% on R&D and science and
technology related activities.
• decided to increase this amount to 2% by 2007.

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