MARKET SURVEY REPORT

Subject: Building Technology and Materials

Class: Third year ‘B’

Presented by:
Nibha Kanade
Bhagyashree Kolhe
Presented to: Sharvari Malusare
Ar. Mohini Ruchira Mutha
Ar. Nupur Chinchkhede Supriya Kamble
Rutuja Pawar
 PAINTS
A Paint is a Solution or suspension (emulsion) of pigment, binder, and mineral solvent (or water)
that on drying forms an adhering film on the surface it is applied for protection and/or decoration.
Objectives Of Painting A Surface:
• It protects the surface from weathering effects of the atmosphere and actions by other liquids, fumes and
gases.
• It prevents decay of woods and corrosion in metal.
• It is used to give good appearance to the surface.
• It provides a smooth surface for easy cleaning.
Characteristics Of Ideal Paint:
• It should posses a good spreading power i.e. maximum area of the surface should be covered by minimum
quantity of paints.
• The paint should be cheap and economical.
• The paint should be such that it dries in reasonable time and not too rapidly.
• The paint should be such that its color is maintained for long time.
• The paint should form a hard and durable surface.
• The paint should not affect health of workers during its application.
• The paint should not be affected by weathering actins of the atmosphere.
• The paint should posses attractive and pleasing appearance.
• The surface coated with paint should not show cracks when the paint dries.
Source: Building construction By Rangwala
Ch. 26 pg. 527,528
DIFFERENT TYPES OF PAINTS

 Distempers :
Distempers are durable and economical water based paints
The major constituents of distemper include colouring agents,
as well as chalk and lime. They have been the main painting
substance for decades and still are excellent budget painting
solutions. Even the distempers now used are more varied and
have special properties.
 Emulsion Paint :
These are the superior quality of paint formed by mixing
oil/water and an emulsifying agent to prevent the combination
separating. They have much better ease of application, are
washable and have a greater overall decorative appeal. Not
only do they have higher coverage than enamels and
distempers, they are mostly washable and can be easily
applied on concrete and stucco surfaces. As per the interior
and exterior painting requirements both interior and exterior
emulsion paints exist.
 Texture paints :
These are used to create to desired visual effects on the walls. By the use of brushes, rollers,
putty knives, trowels and other applications a variety of patterns can be created. Other
paints can be applied on the textures to create desired effects. Sometimes, texture paints
are tinted prior to application, giving the desired colour. Texture paints also help in
covering undulations and levelling surfaces.
 Cement Paint :
To give a new look for concrete and other cement- based materials, cement paint is used. It
is a special paint coatings made for masonry and cement-based materials, including
concrete, mortar (and brick), concrete block and stucco. Not only it adds to the aesthetics of
the wall but also provides a waterproofing coating and can supplement the role of putty.
 Enamel Paints :
Enamels are hard, washable and usually glossy paints. They can be oil based or alkyd based
and come in several sheens, from eggshell or low-luster to satin, semi- gloss and high-gloss.
They find application not only on metal surfaces but also on interior walls and wooden
surfaces.
 Primers- These are basecoats applied to a surface to improve the adhesion of
subsequent coats of paint or varnish.
 Sealers- These are basecoats applied to a surface to reduce absorption of subsequent
coats of paint or varnish, or to prevent bleeding through the finish coat.
 Wood Finishes : Wood Finish Paints are different from the usual wall paints and are
formulated specifically for application on wooden surfaces. They have better capacity of
adhering to the wooden surfaces and enhancing the appeal of the wooden textures. These
include wood sealers, varnishes, preservatives etc. Wooden finishing is also done by
polishing the surface which is formed by the following ingredients: •Spirit
•Lacquers(Lakhdana) •Chalk powder •Polish colors •Turkey umber •Raw sena •Brunt
sena •Kajal •Pevdi
 COMPONENTS OF PAINT

 Base:-
The base is a solid substance in a fine state that forms the body of paint. It forms the bulk of paint. It conveys
the character of the paint. The base usually consists of white lead, red lead, zinc oxide (zinc white), iron oxide,
titanium white, aluminum powder, lithophone, etc. The main function of all this material is to make a film of
the paint, opaque, harder, and elastic & prevent the formation of shrinkage cracks.

 Inert Filler or Extender:-

It is cheap pigment added in a paint to make it more economical and to save the cost of base. The main function
of filler is to modify the weight of paint & makes it more durable. Inert fillers are used to impart various physical
properties other than colour, i.e. opacity or texture, or simply to make the handling of paint better.
The commonly used inert fillers or extenders are barites (barium sulphate), lithophone, silica, silicate of
magnesia or alumina, whiting, gypsum, charcoal, etc. So basically it forms part of base.
 Vehicle or Binder:-
It is also known as a binder. It is oil with the base is mixed. It is the liquid substance which
holds the paint together & also binds it to the surface that is to be painted. It simply means
it provides the durability, toughness, & waterproofness to the paint. It also helps to spread
the paint ingredients uniformly over the surface to be painted.
The commonly available binder or vehicle is linseed oil, tung oil, poppy oil, nut oil
 Solvent or Thinner:-
It is the solvent that can make the paint thin and increase the spread and are also known as
thinner. Solvent makes the paint workable and it evaporate during drying of the paint film.
The solvent is a usually a volatile substance which provides properties such as smoothness,
easy flow, and brushability.
 Drier:-
The function of drier is to accelerate the process of drying. A drier absorbs oxygen from the
air and transfer it to the vehicle (linseed oil) in the paint film, which in turns get hardened.
It may be either in the form of soluble or paste state.
Know more about drier.
 Coloring Pigment:-
They are coloring materials added to the paint to impart the desired shade & color.
Coloring pigments are also used to hide the surface imperfections. They protect the paint
film by reflecting the ultraviolet light. They also improve the impermeability.
 PAINT FINISHES

There’s a basic rule of thumb to follow when choosing paint sheens: The higher the sheen, the higher the shine and the
higher the shine, the more durable it will be.
• HIGH GLOSS
The most durable and easiest to clean of all paint sheens, high-gloss paint is hard, ultra-shiny, and light-reflecting. Think
appliance-paint tough.
High gloss is a good choice for area that sticky fingers touch -- cabinets, trim, and doors.
• SEMI GLOSS
Good for rooms where moisture, drips, and grease stains challenge walls. Also great for trim work that takes a lot of abuse.
• SATIN
It is often described as velvety. It’s easy to clean, making it excellent for high-traffic areas. Its biggest flaw is it reveals
application flaws, such as roller or brush strokes. Touch-ups later can be tricky.
• EGGSHELL
Between satin and flat on the sheen (and durability) scale is eggshell, so named because it’s essentially a flat (no-shine)
finish with little luster, like a chicken’s egg. Eggshell covers wall imperfections well and is a great finish for gathering spaces
that don’t get a lot of bumps and scuffs.
• FLAT OR MATTE
Flat/matte soaks up, rather than reflects, light. It has the most pigment and will provide the most coverage, which translates
to time and money savings. However, it’s tough to clean without taking paint off with the grime.
 DEFECTS IN PAINTS
 BLISTERING
This defect is caused by the water vapor which is trapped behind the BLISTERING
painted surface. The formation of bubbles under the film of paint
occurs in this defect. It may occur from various causes such as
BLOOM
imperfect seasoning of timber, excess oil used in final coat, etc.
 BLOOM

In this defect, the formation of dull patches occurs on the finished

polish surface. It is due to the defect in paint or bad ventilation.
 FADING

The gradual loss of color is known as fading and it is mainly due to the
effect of sunlight on pigments of paint.
FADING
 FLAKING

A small portion of the painted surface is sometimes seen loose. It is

FLAKING
known as flaking and is due to poor adhesion.
 GRINNING
• When the final coat of paint has not sufficient
opacity, the background is clearly seen. This is
known as grinning.
 RUNNING
GRINNING
• The paint runs back and leaves small areas of
surface uncovered. This defect occurs when the
surface to be painted is too smooth.
 SAGGING SAPONIFICATION
• When a vertical or inclined surface is too thickly
painted, the defect of sagging occurs.
 SAPONIFICATION
• The formation of soap patches on the painted
surface is termed as saponification and it is due to SAGGING
chemical action of alkalies.
Source: Building construction By Rangwala
Ch. 26 painting, varnishing and distempering etc
pg. 541,542
 MARKET PLACES VISITED:

• Ruprang traders, Chinchwad

• Sahani Enterprises, Karve Nagar, Pune.
• Unique Paints and Hardware, Erandawana, Pune.
 DIFFERENT BRANDS OF PAINTS

• Nerolac paints
• Asian paints
• Dulux paints
• Berger paints