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Last Home Coming

 October 8, 1896- Rizal learned that the
Madrid papers were full of stories
regarding the revolutions in the
Philippines and he was blamed from it.
 October 11, 1896- Rizal’s diary was
confiscated during his way to Port Said,
his cabin was searched nothing
significant was found. On November
11, 1896 his diary was returned.
Unsuccessful Rescue in Singapore
 Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor and Sixto Lopez dispatch telegrams to an
English lawyer in Singapore named Hugh Fort to rescue Rizal when his
arrive, by means of writ of habeas corpus
 When the Spanish steamer arrived Atty. Fort instituted proceedings at
the Singapore Court for the immediate removal of Rizal from the said
steamer.
 Chief Justice Loinel Cox denied the writ of habeas corpus on the
ground because the steamer carry Spanish troops hence it is a warship
of foreign power which under the international law was beyond the
jurisdiction of Singapore Authorities
Arrival in Manila
 November 3, 1896- Rizal arrived at Manila
 Spanish authorities gather evidence against Rizal while Deodato
Arellano, Dr, Pio Valenzuela, Moises Salvador, Jose Dizon, Domingo
Franco, Temoteo Paez, and Pedro Serrano Laktaw were brutally
tortured to implicate Rizal
 Rizal owned brother was also arrested and tortured but never said
anything against his younger brother.
First Investigation
 November 20, 1896- preliminary investigation was conducted.
 Rizal as the accused appeared before Judge Advocate, Colonel
Francisco Olive. He was subjected to a 5 day investigation, Rizal was
informed about his charges and been given the chance to answer the
questions they have on him though he was never permitted to
confront those people who testified against him.
 Two Evidences presented against him, namely documentary an d
testimonial.
Documentary Evidences:
 A letter from Antonio to Mariano Ponce dated Madrid October 16,
1888, showing Rizal connection with the Filipino reform campaign in
Spain.
 A letter of Rizal to his family, dated Madrid, August 20, 1890, stating
that the deportations are good for they will encourage the people to
hate tyranny.
 A letter from Marcelo H. del Pilar to Deodato Arellano, dated Madrid,
January 7, 1889, implicating Rizal in the propaganda movement
campaign in Spain.
 A poem entitled Kundiman , allegedly written by Rizal in Manila on
September 12, 1891
 A letter from Carlos Oliver to an unidentified person, dated Barcelona,
September 18, 1891, describing Rizal as the man to free the Philippines
from Spanish oppression.
 A masonic lodge document, dated Manila, February 9, 1892, honoring Rizal
for his patriotic services.
 A letter signed Dimasalang ( Rizal’s pseudonym) to Tenlunz (Juan Zulueta’s
pseudonym), dated Hongkong, May 24, 1892, stating that he was preparing
a safe refuge for Filipinos who may persecuted by the Spanish authorities.
 A letter to Dimasalang to an unidentified committee, dated Hongkong, June
1, 1892, soliciting the aid of the committee in the “patriotic work”
 Am anonymous and undated letter to the Editor of Hongkong Telegraph,
censuring the banishment of Rizal to Dapitan.
 A letter to Ildefonso Laurel to Rizal, dated Manila, informing an unidentified
correspondent of the arrest and the banishment of Doroteo Cortes and
Ambrosio Salvador.
 A letter to Marcelo H. del Pilar to Don Juan A. Tenluz (Juan Zulueta), dated
Madrid, June 1, 1893 recommending the establishment of a special
organization, independent of Masonry, to help the cause of the Filipino
people.
 Transcript of a speech of Pingkian (Emilio Jacinto) in a reunion to a Katipunan
on July 23, 1893, in which the following cry uttered “Long Live the
Philippines! Long Live Liberty!lOng live Dr. Rizal Unity!”
 Transcript of speech of Tik-Tik (Jose Turiano Santiago) in the same Katipunan
reunion where in the katipuneros shouted “ Long Live the eminent Dr. Jose
Rizal! Death to the oppressor nation!”
 A poem by Laong Laan (Jose Rizal) entitled Talisay, in which the author makes
Dapitan schoolboys sing that they know how to fight of their rights.
 The testimonial evidence consisted of the oral testimonies of Martin
Constantino, Aguedo del Rosario, Jose Reyes, Moises Salvador Jose Dizon,
Domingo Franco, Deodato Arellano, Ambrosio Salvador, Pedro Serrano Laktaw,
Dr. Pio Valenzuela, Antonio Salazar, Francisco Quison, and Temoteo Paez
 November 6, 1896- after the investigation, Col. Olive transmitted the records
of the case to Gov. Gen. Ramon Blanco, and the letter appointed Capt. Rafael
Dominguez as special Judge advocate to institute the corresponding action
against Rizal.
 Dominguez made a brief resume of the charges and returned the papers to the
Governor General, who thereupon transmitted them to the Judge Advocate
General Don Nicholas de la Peña for an opinion.
 Peña submitted the following reccomendations:
 The accused should be immediately brought to trial
 He should be kept in prison
 An order of attachment be issued against his property to the amount one
million pesos as an indemnity, and
 He should be defended in court by an army officer, not by a civilian officer.
Rizal’s defender:
 Rizal chooses a defense council which is the only right given to him by
the Spanish authorities
 December 8, 1896 100 first and second lieutenants in the Spanish
Army was presented to Rizal
 Lt. Taviel de Andrade chosen by Rizal to be his defense, he was the
brother of Jose Taviel de Andrade his previous bodyguard.
Charges to the accused
 He was accused of being ‘ the principal organizer
and the living soul of the Filipino insurrection, the
founder of societies, periodicals and books
dedicated to fomenting and propagating ideas of
rebellion’
 He pleaded not guilty to the crime of rebellion
Manifesto to Some Filipinos
 Submitted on Dec 15
 To inform the people that he condemned the rebellion because he
wanted their liberties to be attained through education and lacked the
participation of ‘those from above’
 Was not published because it did not condemn the rebellion in its
totality but only in two aspects: lack of participation and preparation
Trial of Rizal
 Prosecution (Alcocer) asked for death sentence; if
pardon, permanent disqualification and subjection
to surveillance of authority, indemnity of 20, 000
pesos
 De Andrade in defense, delivered an impressive
speech and claimed that the guilt of Rizal has not
been legally established.
 Rizal supplemented his defender’s points in detail
Polavieja signs Rizal’s execution
 Same afternoon (Dec 26), death sentence was
passed with the same condition except that
indemnity was raised to 100,000pesos
 On Dec 28, Gov. Gen Polavieja approved the
sentence, ordering Rizal be executed by firing
squad two days later at 7 a.m. Luneta
References
 Coates, A. 1968. Rizal: Philippine Nationalist and Martyr.
Oxford Press. Hong Kong
 Vaño, M. 1997. Jose Rizal :Champion of the Nation’s
Redemption. Giraffe Books . Quezon City
 Zaide, G. F. and S. M. Zaide. 1994. Jose Rizal: Life, Works,
and Writings of a Genius, Writer, Scientist, and National
Hero. All-Nations Publishing Co., Inc. Quezon City