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Introduction To Complex Numbers

- Imaginary numbers were invented to allow negative numbers to have square roots and for certain equations to have solutions. They are defined using an imaginary unit i where i2 = -1. - Complex numbers consist of all sums of a real number and an imaginary number bi, where a is the real part and bi is the imaginary part. - Operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division can be performed on complex numbers by treating i as a variable and using the property that i2 = -1.

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281 views15 pages

Introduction To Complex Numbers

- Imaginary numbers were invented to allow negative numbers to have square roots and for certain equations to have solutions. They are defined using an imaginary unit i where i2 = -1. - Complex numbers consist of all sums of a real number and an imaginary number bi, where a is the real part and bi is the imaginary part. - Operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division can be performed on complex numbers by treating i as a variable and using the property that i2 = -1.

Uploaded by

divya
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Imaginary & Complex Numbers

Once upon a time…

1  no real solution
-In the set of real numbers, negative numbers do
not have square roots.

-Imaginary numbers were invented so that negative


numbers would have square roots and certain
equations would have solutions.

-These numbers were devised using an imaginary


unit named i.

i  1
-The imaginary numbers consist of all numbers bi,
where b is a real number and i is the imaginary unit,
with the property that i² = -1.

-The first four powers of i establish an important


pattern and should be memorized.

Powers of i
i i
1
i  1
2
i  i
3
i 1
4
i 1
4

i  i
3
i

i  1
2 Divide the exponent by 4
No remainder: answer is 1.
remainder of 1: answer is i.
remainder of 2: answer is –1.
remainder of 3:answer is –i.
Complex Number System
Reals
Imaginary

Rationals i, 2i, -3-7i, etc.


(fractions, decimals)
Integers
(…, -1, -2, 0, 1, 2, …)

Irrationals
Whole (no fractions)
(0, 1, 2, …) pi, e

Natural
(1, 2, …)
Simplify. -Express these numbers in terms of i.

1.)
1.) 5  1*5  1 5  i 5

2.)  7   1* 7   1 7  i 7
2.)
Complex Numbers

a + bi
real imaginary
The complex numbers consist of all sums a + bi,
where a and b are real numbers and i is the imaginary
unit. The real part is a, and the imaginary part is bi.
Add or Subtract
. 7i  9i  16i
7.)

. ( 5  6i )  (2  11i )  3 5i
8.)

. (2  3i )  (4  2i)  2  3i  4  2i
9.)
 2  i
Multiplying & Dividing
Complex Numbers
REMEMBER: i² = -1

Multiply
1) 3i  4i  12i  12(1)  12
2

2) 7i 
2
 7 i  49( 1)  49
2 2
Multiply
4  3i 7  2i 
 28 8i 21i 6i
2

 28  29i  6i 2

 28  29i  6(1)
 28  29i  6
 22  29i
Conjugate
-The conjugate of a + bi is a – bi

-The conjugate of a – bi is a + bi
Find the conjugate of each
number…
8) 3  4i 3  4i

9) 4  7i 4  7i
10) 5i 5i
11) 6 6
Because 6  0i is the same as 6  0i
Divide…
5  9i 1  i 5  5i  9i  9i 2

1 i 1 i 1 i  i  i 2

14  4i 14  4i

1 i 2 
2
 7  2i

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