MEDICAL

FIRST AID

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REVISION NO.:04
DATE ISSUED: June 17, 2014
 STCW Regulations
• Section A – VI/4
– Mandatory minimum requirements
related to MEDICAL FIRST AID and
MEDICAL CARE.

• Table A – VI/4-1
– Specification of minimum standard of
competence in MEDICAL FIRST AID.

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 COMPETENCE

Apply immediate first aid in

the event of accident or
illness on board.

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 COURSE OUTLINE
• First Aid Kit
• Toxicological Hazards on Board including use
of the MFAG.
• Examination of casualty or patient
• Spinal Injuries
• Burns, Scalds and effects of heat and cold
• Fractures, dislocations and muscular injuries

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 COURSE OUTLINE
• Medical care of rescued persons
• Radio Medical Advice
• Pharmacology
• Sterilization
• Cardiac arrest, drowning and asphyxia

FEMFI-A-TD-PPT081a
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 DAY 1

FEMFI-A-TD-PPT081a
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 General Principles in First Aid

• Is an immediate
care given to
person who has
been injured or
suddenly taken ill.

• It includes self help

and home care if
medical assistance
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is not available.
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 OBJECTIVE OF THE FIRST AID
 Save life
 Prevent the
condition from
worsening
 Alleviate the pain
and suffering
 Promote recovery

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  Self-confident
 Competent
 Calm
 Observant
 Resourceful
 Empathy/expert
 Tactful
 Gentle
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 Duties and Responsibilities of the First Aider
• Make oneself safe.

• Aim to give all casualties early

and effective help.

• Be equipped to perform the

rescue operation.

• Reassure the casualty.

 Providing necessary radio

medical report to the medical
control center or receiving
hospital emergency department.

 Arrange for casualties transfer

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to hospital when necessary.
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DATE ISSUED: June 17, 2014
 EMERGENCY ACTION PRINCIPLES

CHECK
CALL
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CARE
 EMERGENCY ACTION PRINCIPLES
• CHECK:
1. Survey the scene
2. Level of Response
of the patient
3. CAB of the patient

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 EMERGENCY ACTION PRINCIPLES

SHOUT
FOR
HELP!!!

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 EMERGENCY ACTION PRINCIPLES

Rescue
Breathing

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 • The term "triage" means to separate or
sort.
• It is used to simply and quickly identify
the most severely injured people in a
multi casualty situation.
• The goal of emergency triage: Quickly
direct medical attention to the people who
need it most.

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  Any compromise to the
casualty's respiration,
hemorrhage control, or
shock control could be
fatal.
 Requires immediate
medical attention and
will not survive if not
seen soon.
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 • Injuries are potentially
life-threatening, but
can wait until the
Immediate casualties
are stabilized and
evacuated.
• Requires medical
attention within 6
hours.
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 • "Walking wounded,"
the casualty requires
medical attention
when all higher
priority patients have
been evacuated, and
may not require
stabilization or
monitoring.
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 • The casualty is expected
not to reach higher
medical support alive
without compromising
the treatment of higher
priority patients.

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 FIRST AID KIT

FEMFI-A-TD-PPT081a
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 FIRST AID KIT
• Manual Resuscitator • Band aids
• Anaeroid • Thermometer
Sphygmomanometer • Triangular Bandage
• Stethoscope • Steri-strip/Butterfly
• Penlight strip
• Normal saline • Forceps
• Adhesive tape • Gloves
• CPR mask • Elastic bandage
• Aluminum blanket • Gauze

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 FIRST AID KIT
• Curved scissors • Splints (arms, legs
• Waterproof tape and finger
• Emergency flares • Hot/cold packs
• Sunscreen • Eye wash
• Insect repellent • Safety pin
• Petroleum jelly

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FEMFI-A-TD-PPT081a
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 Anatomy:
• Is the study of the body structure

Physiology:
• Is the study of the body function

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FEMFI-A-TD-PPT081a
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 • The Nervous System
is the major
controlling,
regulatory, and
communicating
system in the body.

• It is the center of all

mental activity
including thought,
learning, and
memory.
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 • It is sometimes
called the blood-
vascular or simply
the Circulatory
System.
• It consists of the
heart, which is a
muscular pumping
device, and a closed
system of vessels
called arteries,
veins, and
capillaries
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 • The primary function
of the Respiratory
System is the supply
of oxygen to the
blood so this in turn
delivers oxygen to
all parts of the body.
• The respiratory
system does this
while breathing is
taking place.

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 • The Digestive System
prepares nutrients for
utilization by body
cells through six
activities, or functions
such as ingestion,
mechanical
digestion, chemical
digestion,
movements,
absorption and
elimination.
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 • The Urinary System
maintains an
appropriate fluid
volume by
regulating the
amount of water
that is excreted in
the urine.

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 • The Male
Reproductive
System, like that of
the female, consists
of those organs
whose function is to
produce a new
individual, i.e., to
accomplish
reproduction.

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 • The organs of the
Female Reproductive
System produce and
sustain the female sex
cells transport these
cells to a site where they
may be fertilized by
sperm.

• Provides a favorable
environment for the
developing fetus and
produce the female sex
hormones.

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 • The bodily system that is
composed of skeletal, smooth,
and cardiac muscle tissue and
functions in movement of the
body or of materials through
the body, maintenance of
posture, and heat production.

• There are approximately 639

skeletal muscles in the human
body.

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 • The Skeletal System serves
many important functions;
it provides the shape and
form for our bodies in
addition to supporting,
protecting, allowing bodily
movements, producing
blood for the body, and
storing minerals.

• Its 206 bones form a rigid

framework to which the
softer tissues and organs
of the body are attached
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 • The Endocrine System
provides an
electrochemical
connection from the
hypothalamus of the
brain to all the organs
that control the body
metabolism, growth and
development, and
reproduction.

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 • The most obvious
function of the
Integumentary System is
the protection that the
skin gives to underlying
tissues. The skin is the
largest organ in the body:
12-15% of body weight,
with a surface area of 1-2
meters.

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 • The Immune
System consists of a
network of cells, proteins,
tissues, and organs that
work together to protect
our bodies from infectious
microorganisms including
bacteria, viruses, and
fungi.

• The main function of the

immune system is to ward
off invaders in order to
protect the body from
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infection.
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 TOXICOLOGICAL HAZARDS ON BOARD

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 Main Routes of Exposure

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 STAGES OF POISONING
Latent Stage Active Stage Late Stage
The signs and
This is the interval of The signs and symptoms usually
time from the moment of symptoms of the resolve after a few hours
entry of a poison poisoning are apparent. in the majority
into the body until the of incidents, particularly
first symptoms (feelings) In many cases these are if the degree of exposure
or signs are apparent. common to a great is small.
number of different
These usually occur chemicals which If a greater amount is
rapidly after exposure, therefore have to be absorbed or the period of
but in some cases there treated in a general way. exposure is prolonged,
may be a delay of or the chemical is very
several hours before toxic, symptoms may
they develop. persist for some hours or
even days.

The patient's condition

may deteriorate due to
complications.
FEMFI-A-TD-PPT081a
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DATE ISSUED: June 17, 2014
 EMERGENCY TREATMENT
For Skin Contact:
• Remove contaminated clothing and
shoes immediately.
• Wash off the chemical immediately
with copious quantities of water for
at least 10 minutes.
• Continue for a further 10 minutes if
there is any evidence of chemicals
still on the skin.
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FEMFI-A-TD-PPT081a
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 EMERGENCY TREATMENT

FEMFI-A-TD-PPT081a
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 EMERGENCY TREATMENT
For Eye Contact:
• Wash the chemical out of the eye with
copious amounts of water as quickly as
possible.

• Keep the eyelids widely apart.

• This must be done thoroughly for 10

minutes, timed by the clock.
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FEMFI-A-TD-PPT081a
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 EMERGENCY TREATMENT

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 EMERGENCY TREATMENT
For Inhalation:
• Ensure that rescuers are equipped with self-breathing
apparatus so that they do not become the next
casualties.

• Remove the casualty at once from the polluted

atmosphere.

• Check that the casualty is breathing.

• Administer oxygen if needed.

• Apply necessary treatment: CPR/AR

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 EMERGENCY TREATMENT

FEMFI-A-TD-PPT081a
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 EMERGENCY TREATMENT
For Ingestion:
• DO NOT UNDER ANY CIRCUMSTANCE MAKE
THE PATIENT VOMIT.
If unconscious
• Place in the unconscious position.
• Check that the patient is breathing
spontaneously.
• Give artificial respiration if he is not
breathing.
• DO NOT GIVE ANYTHING BY MOUTH WHILE
THE PATIENT IS UNCONSCIOUS

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 EMERGENCY TREATMENT
If conscious
If the chemical is corrosive:
 Give 500 ml (1 pint) of water to drink as soon
as possible if the poisoning is by:
PHOSPHORUS.
CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS.
DECREASING SOLVENTS.

• DONOT GIVE MILK with these chemicals.

• For poisoning by all other corrosive chemicals
give 500 ml (1 pint) of milk to drink (or water,
if milk is not available) as soon as possible.
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 EMERGENCY TREATMENT

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 EMERGENCY TREATMENT
If the chemical is non-corrosive
• Give two sachets (10 g) of activated charcoal
dispersed in 500 ml (1 pint) of water, followed
by three doses of one sachet (5 g) in 100 ml of
water at intervals of 20 minutes.

If the chemical is not known

• Decide whether the chemical is corrosive or
non-corrosive treat appropriately as above.
• If it is not possible to decide whether the
chemical is corrosive or not, then give 500 ml
(1 pint) of water to drink.

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 EMERGENCY TREATMENT

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 END OF DAY 1
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