2.

0 Computer System
2.1 System Concept
2.1 System Concept

2.1.1 Overview Of a Computer System

2.1.2 Data Representation

2.1.3 Storage Capacity

2.1 System Concept
2.1.1 Overview of Computer System.
Learning Outcomes :
At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
1. Describe the operations involved in information
processing cycle.
 2.1 System Concept

What is Computer?
An electronic device that accepts data (input),
process data and produces information (output)
 2.1 System Concept

What is Computer System?

a complete, working computer that includes

software and hardware which are necessary to
make the computer function
2.1 System Concept
Two Components of Computer System?

1. Hardware 2. Software

i. Input devices i. System Software

ii. System Unit  Operating system
iii. Output Devices  Utility Program
iv. Storage Devices ii. Application Software
2.1 System Concept
Information Processing Cycle

4 operations involved in Information Processing Cycle

process
1) Input
2) Process
output
3) Output input

4) Storage

storage
Input – Process –Output – Storage (IPOS)
2.1 System Concept
4 operations involved in Information Processing Cycle

1) Input:

• Any data and instructions entered into the

memory of a computer
• User can enter data and instructions into a computer by
using input devices ( keyboard, mouse, touch screen, etc)
2.1 System Concept
4 operations involved in Information Processing Cycle

2) Process:

• Transforming data into information.

• Performing Operation on the data such as
performing calculations, sorting lists of words or
numbers, drawing pictures.
• Processing data makes the data entered usable.
2.1 System Concept
4 operations involved in Information Processing Cycle

3) Storage:

• Holds data, information, and

instructions in storage for future use.
• After the data has been processed, along with the
output to the user, the data is also stored.
2.1 System Concept
4 operations involved in Information Processing Cycle

4) Output:

• data that has been processed into a useful

form.
2.1 System Concept
2.1.2 Data Representation
Learning Outcomes :
At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

1. Explain data representation in computer.

2.1 System Concept
Data representation in computer
Data:
• Collection of unprocessed items, which can include
number, character and symbol, images, audio, video and
instructions.
• E.g. : blue, 3, car

Information:
• Processed data that conveys meaning and is useful to
people.
E.g. : 3 blue cars.
2.1 System Concept

What is Data Representation?

• The form in which data is stored, processed and
transmitted.
Example :-
devices such as PDAs, iPod and computers store
numbers, text, music, photos and videos in formats
that can be handled by electronic circuitry.
2.1 System Concept
How does a computer represent data ?
 By using two unique binary digits 1 and 0 to represent the
two states on and off.
 Use to represent the electronic status of the bits in memory
 Computer recognizes only two discrete electrical states
(on and off) because computers are electronic devices
powered by electricity, which also has only two states :
( 0 – off, 1 – on)
2.1 System Concept
How does a computer represent data ?

 The digit 0 represents the electronic state of OFF.

(absence of an electronic charge)
 The digit 1 represents the electronic state is ON
(presence of an electronic charge)
 2.1 System Concept
Data representation in computer
Bit Byte
 A bit is the smallest unit of  Is the basic storage unit in
data the computer can memory.
process.  A group of 8 bits
 Short for binary digit (1 or (ex:11110000)
0)  Represents a character such
 Represents an electrical state as a digit, a letter, a
(on or off) punctuation mark or any
 Bit 1 represents On symbol in computer
 Bit 0 represents Off  1 byte could be equal to 1
character.

1 byte = 8 bits
2.1 System Concept
Data representation in computer

Example :

00110100 represents 4
00110110 represents 6
01000101 represents E
2.1 System Concept
Data representation in computer
How A Letter Is Converted To Binary Form And Back
Step 2.
Step 1.
An electronic signal
The user presses
for the capital letter D
the capital letter D
is sent to the system
on the keyboard.
unit.

Step 4. Step 3.
After processing, the binary code for The signal for the capital letter
the capital letter D is converted to D is converted to its binary
an image, and displayed on the code (01000100) and is stored
monitor. in memory for processing.
2.1 System Concept
Data representation in computer
2.1 System Concept
2.1.3 Storage Capacity
Learning Outcomes :
At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

1. Differentiate various storage capacity

2.1 System Concept
Storage Capacity

Definition:
Capacity – The number of bytes(characters) can be hold by
storage medium.
Measured in units such as KB, MB, GB, Terabyte, Petabyte
1 byte = 8 bits
1 KB = 1024 bytes
1 MB = 1024 KB (approx. 1 million bytes)
1 GB = 1024 MB (approx. 1 billion bytes)
1 TB = 1024 GB (approx. 1 trillion bytes)
1 PB = 1024 TB (approx. 1 quadrillion bytes)
2.1 System Concept

The Number of Bytes in Common Terms

Name Number of Bytes Amount of
Text
Kilobyte 210 or 1,024 ½ page
(KB) approx. 1,000 or 10 3
Megabyte 220 or 104,8576 500 page or thick
book
(MB) approx. 1,000,000 or 10 6
Gigabyte 230 or 1,073,741,824 500,000 pages or
1,000 thick books
(GB) approx 1,000,000,000 or 10 9
Terabyte 240 or 1,099,511,627,776 1,000,000 thick
books
(TB) approx. 1,000,000,000,000 or 10 12
2.1 System Concept

The Number of Bytes in Common Terms

Name Number of Bytes Amount of Text
Petabyte (PB) 250 or 1,125,899,906,842,624 180 Libraries of
Congress
approx. 1,000,000,000,000,000 or 10 15
Exabyte 260 or 1,152,292,150,460,684,6976 180 thousand
Libraries of Congress
approx. 1,000,000,000,000,000,000 or
10 18
Zettabyte 270 or 1,180,591,620,717,411,303,424 180 million Libraries
of Congress
Yottabyte 280 or 180 billion Libraries
of Congress
1,208,925,819,614,629,174,706,176
2.1 System Concept
Storage Capacity

Kilobyte:
½ page amount of text.

Megabyte:
•100 Megabytes might hold a couple volumes of
Encyclopaedias.
• 600 Megabytes is about the amount of data that will
fit on a CD-ROM disk.
 2.1 System Concept
Storage Capacity
Gigabyte:
•1 Gigabyte of data is almost twice the amount of
data that a CD-ROM can hold

Terabyte:
•Terabyte could hold about 3.6 million 300 Kilobyte
images or maybe about 300 hours of good quality
video
 2.1 System Concept
Storage Capacity

Petabyte:
•Petabyte could hold approximately 20 million 4-door filing
cabinets full of text.
•It could hold 500 billion pages of standard printed text.
•It would take about 500 million floppy disks to store the same
amount of data.
2.1 System Concept
Storage Capacity

Example: Convert GB to KB

1 GB = 1 X 1024 X 1024
= 1 048 575 KB

1 GB = 1 X 210 X 210
= 1 048 575 KB
2.1 System Concept
Storage Capacity

Example: Convert MB to GB

1200 MB = 1200/1024
= 1.17 GB
Try This.....
Convert MB to GB

a. 2200 MB
b. 3600 MB
c. 8700 MB
d. 5600 MB
Answers...

a. 2200 MB → 2.15 GB
b. 3600 MB → 3.52 GB
c. 8700 MB → 8.50 GB
d. 5600 MB → 5.47 GB