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Defining and Classifying Groups: Group(s)

The document discusses different types of groups, stages of group development, dynamics of formal and informal groups, and techniques for group decision making. It defines groups, classifies them as formal and informal, and describes command, task, interest and friendship groups. It also outlines the forming, storming, norming, performing and adjourning stages of group development.

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Harsh Vivek
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80 views

Defining and Classifying Groups: Group(s)

The document discusses different types of groups, stages of group development, dynamics of formal and informal groups, and techniques for group decision making. It defines groups, classifies them as formal and informal, and describes command, task, interest and friendship groups. It also outlines the forming, storming, norming, performing and adjourning stages of group development.

Uploaded by

Harsh Vivek
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Defining and Classifying Groups

Group(s)
Two or more individuals interacting and
interdependent, who have come together
to achieve particular objectives.

Formal Group Informal Group


A designated work A group that is neither
group defined by the formally structured not
organization’s structure. organizationally determined;
appears in response to the
need for social contact.
Defining and Classifying Groups (cont’d)

Command Group Task Group


A group composed of Those working together
the individuals who to complete a job or task.
report directly to a
given manager.

Interest Group Friendship Group


Those working together Those brought together
to attain a specific because they share one
objective with which or more common
each is concerned. characteristics.
Why People Join Groups

• Security
• Status
• Self-esteem
• Affiliation
• Power
• Goal Achievement

E X H I B I T 7–1
The Five-Stage Model of Group Development

Forming Stage
The first stage in group development, characterized
by much uncertainty.

Storming Stage
The second stage in group development,
characterized by intragroup conflict.

Norming Stage
The third stage in group
development, characterized
by close relationships and
cohesiveness.
…Group Development (cont’d)
Performing Stage
The fourth stage in group development, when the
group is fully functional.

Adjourning Stage
The final stage in group
development for temporary
groups, characterized by
concern with wrapping up
activities rather than
performance.
Stages of Group Development

E X H I B I T 7–2
An Alternative Model: Temporary Groups with
Deadlines

Punctuated-
Equilibrium Model
Temporary groups go
Sequence of actions:
through transitions
between inertia and 1. Setting group direction
activity. 2. First phase of inertia
3. Half-way point transition
4. Major changes
5. Second phase of inertia
6. Accelerated activity
The Punctuated-Equilibrium Model

E X H I B I T 7–3
Dynamics of Informal Group

Nature of Informal Group


• Relationship is develop due to common interest or due to
the closeness in location.
• Relationship is not bounded by the authority.
• In any organization informal group is obvious.
• Size of the group is small.
• Power is not vested to anyone as a superior but person
has to achieve it through his own potential.
Dynamics of Informal Group (Cont.)

Norms:
• Group members work together for the survival and to
achieve the common group goal.
• Group members can anticipate the behavior of the other
member, as they are very familiar with the group norms.
• Group member must have to behave in such a way so
that the image of the group is restored.
• Group members should have to value the norm of their
group.
Dynamics of Informal Group (Cont.)

Roles:
1. Shaper: who makes the group action oriented.
2. Planner: Who brings creative ideas.
3. Monitor: Who evaluates the feasibility of the ideas.
4. Implementer: Who takes practical and efficient action.
5. Team worker: Who solves the conflict among the members.
6. Coordinator: Who organizes the effort of other members.
7. Finisher: Who provides final touches in the total work
8. Resource investigator: Who builds good relation with the outsider in
order to get resources or inputs.
9. Specialist: Who offers specialized knowledge.
Dynamics of Informal Group (Cont.)
Management of Informal Organization:
• Informal groups are quite powerful and influential.
• As the group members interact with each other, they have
co-operation, which leads to cohesiveness and powerful entity.

Duty of the management


To recognize the power of informal
groups and help the group member to
develop the feeling that they can achieve
their own goal by contributing the
organizational goal.
Dynamics of Formal Group

Positive and Negative Attributes of Committee:

Positive Attributes: Negative Attributes:


Integration of ideas and Decision making may be
opinion time consuming and
costly.
Reduce conflict between
various departments and Lack of individual
subunit. accountability may cause
individual member to
Improve group morale and blame others.
commitment
Decision taken often
Help to develop human reflect the domination of
resources. one group than another.
Work Group and Work Team

Work Group:
“A group that interacts primarily to
share information and to make
decisions to help each member
perform within his or her area of
responsibility.”

Work Team
“ A group whose individuals
efforts results in a performance
that is greater than the sum of
those individual inputs.”
Types of Work Team
Problem Solving Team:
Team members meet for a specific number of hours per week to discuss
various ways of improving quality, efficiency and the environment of the
work. Such team generally consists 5-12 members.

Self-managed Work Team:


This team is totally autonomous, consists of 10-15 employees. They
select their own members and evaluate their performance themselves,
thereby reducing the role of supervisor.

Cross-Functional Teams:
Consists of members of same hierarchical level, but from different
functional areas. These members meet together to achieve a specific
goal.
Group Decision-Making Techniques
Interacting Groups
Typical groups, in which the members interact with
each other face-to-face.

Nominal Group Technique


A group decision-making method in which individual
members meet face-to-face to pool their judgments
in a systematic but independent fashion.
Group Decision-Making Techniques

Brainstorming
An idea-generation process that specifically
encourages any and all alternatives, while
withholding any criticism of those alternatives.

Electronic Meeting
A meeting in which members
interact on computers, allowing
for anonymity of comments and
aggregation of votes.

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