Lesson 2:

A Closer Look at the Teachers and the

Teaching Profession in the ASEAN
and Beyond
 ASEAN Teachers
Vietnam Laos

Malaysia Thailand
 B. The Teacher Professionals
Across the ASEAN

1. Academic Preparations of Teacher Professionals in

Basic Education
• Pre-school and kindergarten Teachers
• Lower Secondary Level
• Upper Secondary Level
• Student Teaching
2. Components
of Teacher
Preparation
Four Important Components in the Preparation of
Teachers

1. General knowledge and

Understanding
-embedded in the general education or
liberal arts education subjects in college as
preparatory to the core content subjects in
the professional education. (What to know
about one self and the World)
2. Pedagogy
-this component provides variety of
teaching delivery approaches beyond the
traditional methods of teaching. (How to
teach)
*student- centered approaches,
cooperative learning, project-based
learning
3. Teaching Practicum Experiential
Learning

- In this cluster, knowledge,

theories, principles and pedagogies
learned are validated in real life
situation as teachers. (Immersion to
the real world of teaching/Practicum/
teaching internship)
4. Specialized knowledge/ Major courses

-For the early years (pre- school to

Grade 3, a more comprehensive
knowledge of child growth and
development is given emphasis.
(What to teach in specific discipline or
subject area)
Most common standards that revolve around
or anchor on the following domains:

1. Skills in the 21st Century

2. Professionalism and accountability
3. Pedagogical competence
4. Teacher’s characteristics/ qualities
5. Knowledge competence
 C. The Teaching Profession Practices in
the ASEAN

1. Teacher’s Major Responsibilities

•Actual Teaching
•Management of learning
•Administrative work
Actual Teaching
-the time of engagement
of the teacher with the
learners . This happens
within the official teaching
hours .
Management of learning
-refers to the activities that
support the actual teaching . This
can be beyond actual teaching
time like remediation or
enhancement , homework , co –
curricular activities .
Administrative work
-refers to the teachers job that
includes writing test items ,
checking and recording of the
test paper results , attending to
parents , making reports and
other related activities.
 Salary is based on
qualifications, teaching
experiences and level or
grade assigned .
2. Teacher Licensing and Recruitment

Most teachers are licensed as professionals

or a certified to teach by the country’s
appropriate agencies. In the Philippines, it is
the Professional Regulation Commission
(PRC) while in Singapore it is the National
Institute for Education (NIE) .
Teacher recruitment process and qualifications
are guided by the Ministry of Education foe the
public schools and the individual .Private
schools under the guidance and policies of
each country’s ministry .
 D. The Teacher and
the Teaching
Profession Beyond the
ASEAN
China
-the most populous country that
has over 200 million students
attending public schools thought
by 9 million teachers in the
elementary, junior and senior high
school.
Education was used as a vital tool for centralization
and unification of the country. The new educational
system includes :

● Six years of elementary education

● Three years of junior middle school, three
years of senior middle school
● six years of university
● varieties of technical and vocational schools
Two main categories of teachers in China:

1st - Gong ban (state-paid) teachers

who earn salary comparable with
other state employees in state-
owned enterprises.
The five grade system are as
follows:
1. Super-grade teacher
2. Senior-grade teachers
3. Third-grade teachers
4. Second-grade teachers
5. First-grade teachers
2nd- Minban (community-
paid) teachers who are paid
by the local community
depending on the
community income.
China’s Teacher Licensing
• Generally, primary teachers should have at least
graduated secondary normal school or senior
secondary school while the junior secondary teachers
should at least have a teaching diploma from junior
teaching colleges. The senior secondary teachers shall
graduate from a normal university or teacher colleges
and holder of degrees from tertiary institutions.
 Chinese Teachers Enjoy Unquestionable
Authority

• The general assumptions in the Chinese

society is that the teacher tells the
single and absolute truth, and the job of
the students is to absorb the knowledge
conveyed by teacher without question.
Except for the subject of Mathematics and English
that provides opportunities to practice, the
structure of the lesson, their pace and the nature of
questioning is determined by the teacher. It is
common experience of students to complete a 45
minute class period without having talked once.
Students are guided by the following
tenets:
● Important knowledge comes from
teachers and textbooks.
● Learning involves listening, thinking
and silent practice
● Knowledge promoted by the
teacher and the textbook is not to new
challenged.
Because of the cultural uniqueness in
delivering the lessons by the teachers,
China Ranked 1 in the Global Teachers
Status Index, where teaching
profession is regarded equal to the
doctor.
JAPAN
-education system is highly
centralized and is
administered by the
Mombusho or Ministry of
Education.
Standard curriculum includes
Japanese language, social studies, math
and science along with art, music, home
economics, physical education, with the
greatest emphasis on learning the
Japanese language.
Five Basic Levels of Japanese Educational
System
•Kindergarten, elementary school
(six years) lower secondary school
(three years) upper secondary
school (three years) and university
(usually around four years).
 The Teaching Profession in Japan
• Japanese teachers are an essential element
in the success story of the country. Major
responsibilities are entrusted upon the
teachers for moral education and character
development and for instilling values,
attitudes and living habits in students at all
levels..
Teacher Certification in Japan

• There are different legal

requirements for certification to
teach in the pre school, elementary
school, lower secondary school and
upper secondary school.
Recruitment of Teacher

•Superintendent approves the

applicant and then forwards
a recommendation to hire to
the local school board.
Salaries of Teacher

-The salary range for

teachers is determined by
education and experience
as by locale.
What makes a Good American Teacher?

•The definition of good teacher

slightly differs among levels. Those
elementary schools seemed more
child-focused and secondary school
teacher consider themselves
subject-matter specialist.
The Global Teacher Status Index

•The Varkey GEMS foundation is a

non profit organization that
conducted the first ever Global
Teacher Status Index. It determine
the level of respect afforded the
teacher
Table 3: Global
Teacher Status
Index, 2013
 Country Index Rating Rank Country Index Rating Rank
China 100 1 Spain 30.7 12
Greece 73.7 2 Finland 28.9 13
Turkey 68.0 3 Portugal 26.0 14
South Korea 62.0 4 Switzerland 23.8 15

New Zealand 54.0 5 Germany 21.6 16

Egypt 49.3 6 Japan 16.2 17
Singapore 46.3 7 Italy 13.0 18
Netherlands 40.3 8 Czech Republic 12.1 19
USA 38.4 9 Brazil 2.4 20
UK 36.7 10 Israel 2.0 21
Nothing
France 32.3 11
follows
1. Teacher Status
Social Status of Teachers
Teaching: Sought-After
Profession
Pupil Respect for Teachers
 2. Perception of Teacher Reward
Participating Country Actual Average Salary per Participating Country Actual Average Salary per
year in USD $ year in USD $

China 17,730.00 Spain 29,475.00

Greece 23.341.00 Finland 28,780.00
Turkey 27,378.00 Portugal 23,614.00
South Korea 43,874.00 Switzerland 39,326.00
New Zealand 28,438.00 Germany 42,254.00
Egypt 10,604.00 Japan 43,775.00
Singapore 45,755.00 Italy 28,603.00
Netherlands 37,218.00 Czech Republic 19,953.00
USA 44,917.00 Brazil 18,550.00
UK 33,377.00 Israel 32,447.00
France 28,828.00 Nothing follows
Performance -Related Pay – most
countries believed that teacher salary
should be based on the achieved
student learning outcomes. The
performance related pay (PRP) should
be used according to performance.
3. Teacher Agency and Control
The status of teacher is also dependent on the people’s trust to
deliver good education.
Trusting Teachers to Deliver Education. Based on the results of the
survey:
 No country gave a rating below 5, suggesting that all countries
placed satisfactory to positive trust in their teachers.
 Finland and Brazil at the top of the table displaying strong trust in
their teachers, while Israel, Japan, South Korea, and Egypt are at
the bottom of the table showing limited trust for their teachers.
Peter Dolton, Professor of Economics at Sussex University,
one of the writers of the 2013 Global Teacher Status Index
said:
“We find that there are major differences across countries in
the way teachers are perceived by the public. This informs
who decides to become a teacher in each country, how they
are respected, and how they are financially rewarded.
Ultimately, this affects the kind of job they do in teaching
our children.”
Sanny Varkey, founder and trustee of Varkey GEMS Foundation
said:
“It is my ambition that teachers are treated with as much as respect
as doctors. Sadly in many countries around the world, teachers
longer no retain the elevated status that we used to take for
granted. Overtime, the declining respect for teachers will weaken
teaching, weaken learning, damage learning opportunities for
millions and ultimately weaken societies around the world.”
United States of America
The American Educational System has greatly
influenced the Philippine Educational System
specifically the making of Filipino teacher. The coming
of the first American teachers called the Thomasites
and the opening of the normal schools in different
provinces of the country provided a very strong
foundation for teacher education.
Basic Education, the Avenue for Teaching Jobs in U.S.A
The level of education in the U.S. are similar to those in other countries including the
Philippines.
 Pre- primary education- type of school providing this education are kindergarten,
nursery schools, preschool programs, and child / day care centers. Age level is 4-6 years
old and the duration is 2 years.
 Primary education- elementary school- There are varied levels of schooling in primary
education.
 Middle school education- grades 4-6, 5-7, or 6-8.
 Secondary education- high school- Grades 7-12 or 8-12.
 Senior high school- Grades 9-12, or 10-12.
Duration of compulsory education is from entry of 6 years old to exit 18 years old.