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Ecological Succession

This document discusses ecological succession, which is the process by which one community replaces another over time until a stable climax community is reached. It outlines the main steps of succession as nudation, invasion, competition/coaction, reaction, and stabilization at the climax stage. Primary succession occurs on bare surfaces like rock or sand, while secondary succession follows a disruption of an existing community by events like fire or farming. The document provides details on each step and uses the example of forest succession to illustrate the full ecological succession process.

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172 views13 pages

Ecological Succession

This document discusses ecological succession, which is the process by which one community replaces another over time until a stable climax community is reached. It outlines the main steps of succession as nudation, invasion, competition/coaction, reaction, and stabilization at the climax stage. Primary succession occurs on bare surfaces like rock or sand, while secondary succession follows a disruption of an existing community by events like fire or farming. The document provides details on each step and uses the example of forest succession to illustrate the full ecological succession process.

Uploaded by

sapna
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ECOLOGICAL SUCCESSION

CONTENTS
1. Ecological succession

2. Steps of succession
• Nudation Invasion
•Competition and Coreaction
• Reaction
•Climax
•

3. Example of Succession
ECOLOGICAL SUCCESSION
The replacement of one
community by another
until a stable stage is
reached is called
ecological succession.

Ecosystems tend to
change with time until a
stable system is formed.
Primary Succession
Primary succession
occurs where there
was no previous
community, such as
on bare rock or sand.
Primary succession
begins with pioneer
organisms.
Secondary Succession
When a community is
disrupted and
succession occurs
again, it is called
secondary
succession.
Disruption may be
from fire, farming,
wind, foresting
STEPS OF SUCCESSION

Nudation
Invasion
Competition and co action
Reaction
Stabilization (Climax)
Nudation
This is development of bare area without any
form of species.
nudation may occur due to-

Topographic
Climatic
Biotic
Invasion
Invasion is the successful establishment of a
species (Pioneer organisms) in a bare area.
Invasion include the following three steps:

Migration
Ecesis (establishment)
Aggregation
Competition and coaction
Due to aggregation of a large no.of the species
at the limited place, there develops competition
for space and nutrition.

Individuals of a species affect each other’s life


in various way this is called Coaction.
Reaction
Reaction includes mechanism of the modification
of the environment through the influence of living
organisms on it. Due to this every significant stage,
changes take place in soil, water, light conditions,
temperature, etc., of the environment. As a result of
reaction, the environment is modified and become
unsuitable for the existing community which
sooner or later is replaced by another community
(seral community).
Stabilization (Climax)
The final stage of succession is called the
climax community.

The final community is not replaced and is


known as climax community and the stage as
climax stage.
Example of ecological Succession
THANK YOU

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