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Genchem 1 Lecture

* Zinc's molar mass is 65.38 g/mol * To convert grams to moles, divide the given mass (16.5 g) by the molar mass (65.38 g/mol) * This gives 0.252 mol of zinc * Avogadro's number (6.02x1023 particles/mol) can then be used to convert moles to atoms * 0.252 mol x 6.02x1023 atoms/mol = 1.52x1023 atoms of zinc Therefore, the number of atoms in 16.5 g of zinc is 1.52x1023 atoms.

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105 views

Genchem 1 Lecture

* Zinc's molar mass is 65.38 g/mol * To convert grams to moles, divide the given mass (16.5 g) by the molar mass (65.38 g/mol) * This gives 0.252 mol of zinc * Avogadro's number (6.02x1023 particles/mol) can then be used to convert moles to atoms * 0.252 mol x 6.02x1023 atoms/mol = 1.52x1023 atoms of zinc Therefore, the number of atoms in 16.5 g of zinc is 1.52x1023 atoms.

Uploaded by

cyrelmark cuario
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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GENERAL CHEMISTRY 1

TOPICS

• NAMING COMPOUNDS
• MOLE CONCEPT
• PERCENT COMPOSITION AND CHEMICAL
FORMULAS
• CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND CHEMICAL
EQUATIONS
• MASS RELATIONSHIP IN CHEMICAL REACTIONS
NAMING COMPOUNDS

IONIC COMPOUND VS MOLECULAR COMPOUND

IONIC MOLECULAR

Ionic bond Covalent bond

e transferred e shared

Most soluble in water Most insoluble in water

Solid Solid, Liquid, Gas


NAMING COMPOUNDS

IONIC COMPOUND VS MOLECULAR COMPOUND

IONIC MOLECULAR

Ionic bond Covalent bond

e transferred e shared

Most soluble in water Most insoluble in water

Solid Solid, Liquid, Gas


NAMING COMPOUNDS

IONIC COMPOUND

1. For binary compounds, metal cations take their names from the
elements while the anions take the first part of the name of the
element, and add the suffix –ide at the end

Cation Anion Compound Name of the


Compound
𝑁𝑎+ 𝑂−2 𝑁𝑎2 𝑂 Sodium Oxide
𝑀𝑔+2 𝑁 −3
𝐴𝑙 +3 𝑂−2
NAMING COMPOUNDS

IONIC COMPOUND

2.For ternary compounds which contain three elements, the cation


goes first in its name before the polyatomic ion which usually ends
with –ite or -ate
Cation Anion Compound Name of the
Compound
𝑁𝑎+ 𝑁𝑂3−1 𝑁𝑎𝑁𝑂3 Sodium nitrate
𝑁𝑎+ 𝑁𝑂2−1 𝑁𝑎𝑁𝑂2 Sodium nitrite
𝑀𝑔+2 𝑃𝑂4−3
𝑀𝑔+2 𝑃𝑂3−3
𝐶𝑎+2 𝐶𝑂3−2
𝐶𝑎+2 𝐵𝑟𝑂4−1
NAMING COMPOUNDS
IONIC COMPOUND
3. For compounds containing a metallic ion of variable charge,
either the classical method or the stock method of naming may be
used. In the classical method, the name of the metallic ion ends in
–ous(for lower charge) and –ic(for higher charge). In the stock
method, the metal is named first followed by the value of the
charge written in Roman numeral (enclosed in parenthesis).
Cation Anion Compound Classical Name Stock name
𝐹𝑒 +2 𝐶𝑙 −1 𝐹𝑒𝐶𝑙2 Ferrous chloride Iron (II) chloride
𝐹𝑒 +2 𝐶𝑙 −1 𝐹𝑒𝐶𝑙3 Ferric chloride Iron (III) chloride
𝐶𝑢+1 𝑆𝑂4−2
𝐶𝑢+2 𝑆𝑂3−2
𝑆𝑛+2 𝑂𝐻 −1
𝑆𝑛+4 𝑂𝐻 −1
NAMING COMPOUNDS

MOLECULAR COMPOUND

1. For one pair of elements that form several different compounds,


Greek prefixes (mono-1, di-2, tetra-4, hexa-5, hepta-7, octa-8,
nona-9, deca-10) are used to determine the number of each
element in the compound.

EXAMPLES

𝐶𝑂 − 𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑏𝑜𝑛 𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑜𝑥𝑖𝑑𝑒
𝑁𝑂2 − 𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑔𝑒𝑛 𝑑𝑖𝑜𝑥𝑖𝑑𝑒
C𝑂2 −
𝑁2 𝑂4 −
NAMING COMPOUNDS

MOLECULAR COMPOUND

2. For binary compounds, place the name of the first element;


then, follow it with the second element. The second element is
named by adding –ide to the root of the element name.

EXAMPLES

𝐻𝐶𝑙 − ℎ𝑦𝑑𝑟𝑜𝑔𝑒𝑛 𝑐ℎ𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑑𝑒


𝐻𝐵𝑟 − ℎ𝑦𝑑𝑟𝑜𝑔𝑒𝑛 𝑏𝑟𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑑𝑒
𝐻𝐼 −
𝑆𝑖𝐶 −
NAMING COMPOUNDS

MOLECULAR COMPOUND

3. For binary compounds considered as acids, use the prefix hydro-


followed by the stem name of the anion ending with –ic, then by
the word “acid”.

EXAMPLES

𝐻𝐶𝑙 − ℎ𝑦𝑑𝑟𝑜𝑐ℎ𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑐 𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑑


𝐻𝐵𝑟 − ℎ𝑦𝑑𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑟𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑐 𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑑
𝐻𝐼 −
𝑆𝑖𝐶 −
NAMING COMPOUNDS
MOLECULAR COMPOUND
4. Oxy-acids, those that contains hydrogen, oxygen, and another
element, is named in two ways –
a. for anions ending with –ate, change –ate to –ic; then, follow
it with the word “acid”
b. for anions ending with –ite, change –ite to –ous; then, follow
it with the word “acid”

EXAMPLES

𝐻3 𝑃𝑂4 − 𝑝ℎ𝑜𝑠𝑝ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑐 𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑑


𝐻3 𝑃𝑂3 − 𝑝ℎ𝑜𝑠𝑝ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑑
𝐻𝑁𝑂3 −
𝐻𝑁𝑂2 −
MOLE CONCEPT
MOLE CONCEPT

The mole(mol) is defined as the


amount of substance containing the
same numbers of particles as there are
atoms in exactly 12 g of carbon-12
isotope.
MOLE CONCEPT

The molar mass of a compound


(molecular or ionic) is the mass in
grams of one mole of a substance. It is
numerically equal to the sum of the
masses of the elements that make uo
the compound
MOLE CONCEPT

The molar mass of a compound


(molecular or ionic) is the mass in
grams of one mole of a substance. It is
numerically equal to the sum of the
masses of the elements that make uo
the compound

Molecular mass vs. Formulas mass


COMPOUNDS(AMU) IONS (AMU)
MOLE CONCEPT

CALCULATIONS INVOLVING FORMULAS

A. Conversions between atoms, molecules,


or ions and mass

EXAMPLE 1: Zinc is an essential mineral that


is naturally found in food and is also
available as dietary supplement. How many
atoms are in 16.5 g of Zinc?
MOLE CONCEPT

CALCULATIONS INVOLVING FORMULAS

A. Conversions between atoms, molecules,


or ions and mass

EXAMPLE 2: Cinnamyl alcohol is an organic


compound which is mainly used in perfumes
and deodrants. Its molecular formula is
𝐶9 𝐻10 𝑂. How many grams of cinnamyl
alcohol are there in a sample with 3.96x1019
molecules?
MOLE CONCEPT

CALCULATIONS INVOLVING FORMULAS

B. Conversions between mass and moles

EXAMPLE 1: Ammonium nitrate is a main


component of explosive mixtures used in
mining, quarrying, and civil construction. If
an explosive contains 345.0 g of ammonium
nitrate, how many mole of ammonium
nitrate are present in the explosives?
MOLE CONCEPT

CALCULATIONS INVOLVING FORMULAS

B. Conversions between mass and moles

EXAMPLE 2: Copper is used for the


absorption and use of iron in the formation
of hemoglobin. How many grams of Cu are
present in 3.87 mol copper?
MOLE CONCEPT

CALCULATIONS INVOLVING FORMULAS

A. Conversions between atoms, molecules,


or ions and mass

EXAMPLE 2: Zinc is an essential mineral that


is naturally found in food and is also
available as dietary supplement. How many
atoms are in 16.5 g of Zinc

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