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Types of Speech Context

The document discusses different types of communication and speech. It describes intrapersonal communication which occurs within one person, and interpersonal communication which occurs between two or more people. Interpersonal communication can involve dyads (two people), small groups of 3-12 people, public speaking to large audiences, or mass communication through various media. The document also outlines different speech styles including intimate, casual, consultative, formal, and frozen styles. It defines speech acts and classifies them into locutionary, illocutionary, and perlocutionary acts. Finally, it discusses John Searle's classifications of illocutionary acts into assertives, directives, commissives, expressives, and declarations and various communicative

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612 views38 pages

Types of Speech Context

The document discusses different types of communication and speech. It describes intrapersonal communication which occurs within one person, and interpersonal communication which occurs between two or more people. Interpersonal communication can involve dyads (two people), small groups of 3-12 people, public speaking to large audiences, or mass communication through various media. The document also outlines different speech styles including intimate, casual, consultative, formal, and frozen styles. It defines speech acts and classifies them into locutionary, illocutionary, and perlocutionary acts. Finally, it discusses John Searle's classifications of illocutionary acts into assertives, directives, commissives, expressives, and declarations and various communicative

Uploaded by

WilcySanchez
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TYPES OF SPEECH

CONTEXT
INTRAPERSONAL COMMUNICATION

Communication that centers on one


person where the speaker acts both as
the sender and the receiver of message.
You communicate with yourself.
INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION

Communication between and among


people and establishes personal
relationship between and among them
TYPES OF INTERPERSONAL
CONTEXT
DYAD COMMUNICATION

Communication that occurs between


two people.
SMALL GROUP

Involves at least three but not more


than twelve people engaging in a face-
to-face interaction to achieve a desired
goal.
PUBLIC COMMUNICATION

Communication that requires you to deliver


or send the message before or in front of a
group.
It is called one-to-many communication.
It involves a large gathering of people
where most serve as listeners.
TWO CHARACTERISTICS OF PUBLIC
COMMUNICATION

1.Unequal amount of speaking (Speaker-


centered)
2.Limited Verbal Feedback
MASS COMMUNICATION

Communication that takes place through


television, radio, newspapers, magazines,
books, billboards, internet and other types of
media.
TYPES OF SPEECH STYLE
MARTIN JOOS
INTIMATE STYLE

This style is private, which occurs between or


among close family members or individuals.
The language used in this style may not be
shared in public.
CASUAL STYLE

Common among peers and friends.


Jargon, slang, or the vernacular language are
used.
Used in a relaxed or normal situation with
friends or family members
CONSULTATIVE STYLE
This style is the standard one.
Professional or mutually acceptable
language is a must in this style.
A two-way communication in a professional
setting.
Used when one talks to a stranger.
FORMAL STYLE (DELIBERATIVE STYLE)
Style used in formal settings.
One-way communication
Used for important or serious situations.
Used in addressing a large audience and
employs formal language.
FROZEN STYLE (ORATORICAL STYLE)

This style is “frozen” in time and remains


unchanged.
Ex. Preamble to the Constitution, Lord’s Prayer,
Allegiance to country or flag, Panatang
Makabayan, biblical passages
Remember the ff. when you deliver those
contents:

Say them from the heart


Be serious
Say them in the right place and at the right
time
Do not play with the words or change them
TYPES OF SPEECH ACT
“I now declare Martial Law”
SPEECH ACT

An utterance that a speaker makes to


achieve an intended effect.
An utterance which carries a performative
function. It means that a sentence or a phrase
is a speech act when the speaker is able to
do something or have someone do something
through words.
J.L AUSTIN (1962)

A philosopher of language and the


developer of the Speech Act
Theory
1. LOCUTIONARY ACT

The actual act of uttering.


The utterance of words or
performing an act of saying
something.
2. ILLOCUTIONARY ACT

The social function of what is said.


Performing an act in saying
something.
It communicates the speaker’s
intentions behind the locution
3. PERLOCUTIONARY ACT

The resulting act of what is said.


Performing an act by saying something.
This effect is based on the particular context in
which the speech act was mentioned.
Reveals the effect that the speaker exercises
over the hearer, it is the response of a person to
a speech act.
JOHN SEARLE (1976)

A professor from the University of


California, Berkeley, classified
illocutionary acts into five distict
categories.
SEARLE’S
CLASSIFICATIONS OF
SPEECH ACT
ASSERTIVE
The speaker expresses belief about the truth
of a proposition.
Utterances that tell how things are in the
world. They are representations of reality.
It is a speech act that commits the speaker to
the truth of a proposition.
Examples are suggesting, putting forward,
swearing, boasting, and concluding
DIRECTIVE
A type of illocutionary act in which the
speaker tries to make the addressee
perform an action.
Examples are asking, ordering,
requesting, inviting, advising and
begging.
COMMISSIVE

A type of illocutionary act which


commits the speaker to doing
something in the future.
Examples are promising, planning,
vowing, and betting.
EXPRESSIVE

The speaker expresses his/her feelings or


emotional reactions.
Examples are thanking, apologizing,
welcoming, and deploring.
DECLARATION

Brings a change in the external


situation.
Examples are blessing, firing, baptizing,
bidding, passing a sentence, and
excommunicating.
TYPES OF
COMMUNICATIVE
STRATEGY
NOMINATION
A speaker carries out nomination to collaboratively and
productively establish a topic.
Basically, when you employ this strategy, you try to open a
topic with the people you are talking to.
It happens when the communicators decide who takes the
turn to speak.
When beginning a topic in a conversation, especially if it does
not arise from a previous topic, you may start off with news
inquiries and news announcements as they promise extended
talk
RESTRICTION
Restriction in communication refers to any limitation
you may have as a speaker.
Happens when the participants are limited in what,
when, and how they can speak.
When communicating in the classroom, in a meeting,
or while hanging out with your friends, you are
typically given specific instructions that you must
follow. These instructions confine you as a speaker
and limit what you can say.
TURN TAKING

Pertains to the process by which people


decide who takes the conversational floor.
There is a code of behavior behind
establishing and sustaining a productive
conversation, but the primary idea is to give
all communicators a chance to speak.
TOPIC CONTROL

Covers how procedural formality or informality


affects the development of topic in
conversations.
It happens when the subject of the
conversation is restricted by one of the
communicators.
TOPIC SHIFTING

Involves moving from one topic to another. In


other words, it is where one part of a
conversation ends and where another begins.
A new topic is introduced in the conversation.
REPAIR

How speakers address the problems in


speaking, listening, and comprehending that
they may encounter in a conversation.
Refers to the practices used by speakers to
approach problems encountered in
conversations.
TERMINATION

Conversation participants’ close-initiating


expressions that end a topic in a conversation.
Conversational practices which are used to
close a topic.

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