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Trombopoiesis (3) - 1

The document summarizes the process of thrombopoiesis, or platelet generation. Key points include: - Platelets are produced from megakaryocytes in the bone marrow. A single megakaryocyte can produce thousands of platelets. - Platelet production is regulated by the hormone thrombopoietin produced in the kidneys and liver. - Platelets have a lifespan of 8-9 days and function to stop bleeding through the process of hemostasis. Old platelets are destroyed by the spleen and liver.

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Vannisa Dwi Noviana
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177 views10 pages

Trombopoiesis (3) - 1

The document summarizes the process of thrombopoiesis, or platelet generation. Key points include: - Platelets are produced from megakaryocytes in the bone marrow. A single megakaryocyte can produce thousands of platelets. - Platelet production is regulated by the hormone thrombopoietin produced in the kidneys and liver. - Platelets have a lifespan of 8-9 days and function to stop bleeding through the process of hemostasis. Old platelets are destroyed by the spleen and liver.

Uploaded by

Vannisa Dwi Noviana
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Haematopoiesis of

Thrombopoiesis
Thrombopoiesis refers to the
process of thrombocyte
generation. Thromobocytes
are ligations of the cytoplasm
from megakaryocytes. A
single megakaryocyte can
give rise to thousands of
thrombocytes.
Maturasi
Cell size Nucleus Cytoplasm
Megakaryoblast 8-30μm 3-5 kali ukuran Bersifat basofilik berwarna
sitoplasma, biru, granula halus atau
berbentuk bulat atau azurofil
oval
Promegakaryocyte Terdapat banyak Bersifat basofilik, granula
nukleus azurofil
Basophilic 20-80 µm kromatin padat bersifat basofilik, granula
Megakaryocyte azurofilik.
Acidophilic 35-160 µm terbagi menjadi kontur yang tidak jelas,
Megakaryocyte beberapa, terkadang Ujung-ujungnya sedikit
lobus terpisah dan basofilik atau tidak
kromatin padat berwarna, granula merah
atau merah kebiruan
Megakaryocyte 50–100μm Inti berlobus Mengandung granula padat
(diameter)

Trombosit diameter 2- tidak berinti Sel tidak memiliki bentuk


3 µm

Fungsi Fungsi utama trombosit adalah berkontribusi terhadap hemostasis


dengan menghentikan pendarahan di lokasi kerusakan endotelium.
 Megakaryocyte and platelet production is regulated by
thrombopoietin, a hormone produced in the kidneys and
liver.
 Each megakaryocyte produces between 1,000 and 3,000
platelets during its lifetime.
 An average of 10 platelets are produced daily in a healthy
adult.
 Reserve platelets are stored in the spleen, and are released
when needed by splenic contraction induced by the
sympathetic nervous system.
 Platelets extruded from megakaryocytes
 The average life span of circulating platelets is 8 to 9 days.
Life span of individual platelets is controlled by the internal
apoptotic regulating pathway, which has a Bcl-xL timer.
 Old platelets are destroyed by phagocytosis in the spleen
and liver
• Structure
- Peripheral zone - is rich in glycoproteins
required for platelet adhesion, activation,
and aggregation. For example, GPIb/IX/X;
GPVI; GPIIb/IIIa. Sol-gel zone - is rich in
microtubules and microfilaments,
- Organelle zone - is rich in platelet
granules. Alpha granules contain clotting
mediators such as factor V, factor VIII,
fibrinogen, fibronectin, platelet-derived
growth factor, and chemotactic agents.
Delta granules, or dense bodies, contain
ADP, calcium, serotonin, which are
platelet-activating mediators.
- Membranous zone - contains membranes
derived from megakaryocytic smooth
endoplasmic reticulum organized into a
dense tubular system which is responsible
for thromboxane A2 synthesis.
The main function of platelets is to contribute to hemostasis :
the process of stopping bleeding at the site of interrupted
endothelium.

platelet activation by producing nitric oxide, endothelial-ADPase,


and PGI2 (Prostacyclin). Endothelial-ADPase degrades the platelet
activator ADP.

Aggregation begins minutes after activation, and occurs as a result


of turning on the GPIIb/IIIa receptor, allowing these receptors to
bind with vWF or fibrinogen
• Immune thrombocytopenias (ITP) – • Congenital Disorders of adhesion
formerly known as immune
thrombocytopenic purpura and – Bernard-Soulier syndrome
idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura • Disorders of activation
• Splenomegaly (Gaucher's disease) – Disorders of granule amount or
• Familial thrombocytopenia release
– Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome
• Chemotherapy
– Gray platelet syndrome
• Dengue
– ADP Receptor defect
• Thrombotic thrombocytopenic – Decreased cyclooxygenase activity
purpura
– Storage pool defects, acquired or
• Hemolytic-uremic syndrome congenital
• Drug-induced thrombocytopenic • Disorders of aggregation
purpura (five known drugs – most
problematic is heparin-induced – Glanzmann's thrombasthenia
thrombocytopenia (HIT) – Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome
• Aplastic anemia
• Laki K (Dec 8, 1972). "Our ancient heritage in blood clotting and some of its
consequences". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 202: 297–
307. PMID 4508929. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1972.tb16342.x.
• Machlus KR; Thon JN; Italiano JE (2014). "Interpreting the developmental
dance of the megakaryocyte: A review of the cellular and molecular
processes mediating platelet formation". British Journal of Haematology.
165 (2): 227–36. PMID 24499183. doi:10.1111/bjh.12758.
• Jain NC (1975). "A scanning electron microscopic study of platelets of
certain animal species". Thrombosis et diathesis haemorrhagica. 33 (3):
501–07. PMID 1154309.
• Michelson, Platelets, 2013, pp. 117–18 Paulus JM (1975). "Platelet size in
man". Blood. 46 (3): 321–36. PMID 1097000.
• Jones CI; Barrett NE; Moraes LA; Gibbins JM; et al. (2012). "Endogenous
inhibitory mechanisms and the regulation of platelet function". Methods
Mol. Biol. Methods in Molecular Biology. 788: 341–66. ISBN 978-1-61779-
306-6. PMID 22130718. doi:10.1007/978-1-61779-307-3_23.

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