SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND

SOCIETY in
“ANCIENT TIMES”
 ANCIENT TIMES
• In this period people
were concerned with
transportation and
navigation,
communication and
record-keeping, mass
production, security and
protection, as well as
health, aesthetics and
architecture.
 TRANSPORTATI
ON
• It was significant during
that time because people
were trying to go places
and discover new
horizons.
• They also travelled to
search for food and find
better locations for their
settlements using
transportation.
 COMMUNICATION
• They need a way to
communicate with natives
of the areas they visited so
as facilitate trade and
prevent possible conflicts.
• RECORD-KEEPING was also
important since they
needed to remember the
places they had been to and
document that trades they
made.
 WEAPONS AND
ARMORS
• Were important as well as
in the discovery of new
places or the
establishment of new
alliances with other tribes.
• The development of
weapons and armors for
security and protection
was considered a major
achievement.
• ARCHITECTURE -
others might see
architecture as a mere
style, but during the
ancient times,
elaborate architectural
design were signs of
technological
advancement of a
particular civilization.
SUMERIAN CIVILIZATION
• SUMERIANS- are
known for their
high degree of
cooperation with
one another and
their desire for
great things.
• MESOPOTAMIA
- A place in
Western wherein
the First Ancient
Time civilization
started.
CONTRIBUTIONS OF
SUMERIANS
• CUNEIFORM
- they carved on the
clay using wedge
instruments and then
left to dry.
-this serve as their
diary, where they list
all things with great
historical value.
• URUK CITY
-there are no building
stones in the location of
this city and lumber was
limited, making the
construction a big
challenge.
-the Sumerians were able
to build their city using
only mud or clay from the
river , which they mixed
with reeds.
• WHEEL
-they invented this
because the
improvement of the
ancient times already
have available tools to
create more
transportation
• ZIGGURAT –
serve as the
sacred place of
their chief God.
• IRRIGATION AND
DIKES
-Sumerians created
dikes and irrigation
canals to bring
water to farm lands
and at the same
time control the
flooding of the
rivers.
• SAILBOATS
– Address their
increase in demands.
Sailboats are
essentials in
transportation and
trading as well as in
fostering culture,
information and
technology.
• THE PLOW
-as invented to dig the
earth in the faster pace.
-with this tool, farmers
could cultivate larger
parcels of land faster,
enabling them of mass
produce food without
taking so much effort and
time.
• ROAD
-the Sumerians
developed road to
become easier and
faster to travel
places than to travel
to soft and muddy
roads that make
them difficult to
travel.
 BABYLONIAN
CIVILIZATION
• BABYLONIANS were
great builders,
engineers, and
architects.
CONTRIBUTIONS OF
BABYLONIANS
• HANGING GARDENS OF
BABYLON
-one of the seven wonders
of the ancient world.
-it build around 600 BC.
 EGYPTIAN
CIVILIZATION
• EGYPT - desert areas
predominantly cover the
country but the presence
of the Nile river provides
Egypt the necessary water
requirements to support
agricultural activities.
• Agricultural inclined and
craftsmen.
 3 PERIODS
• EARLIEST EGYPTIAN
– Period when they started
to study the heavens, the
galaxy and the heavenly
bodies. Primarily focus is on
the stars. Earliest recorded
calendar.
• GOLDEN AGE
– Period of
prosperity and
changes or
innovation.
Pyramid of Gizah
were
constructed.
• PERIOD OF THE NEW
KINGDOM – product in
the form of pottery,
earthenware, linens,
ointments, jewelry,
were traded with
foreign goods. Bigger
boats made of wood
for transportation and
trading.
CONTRIBUTIONS OF
EGYPTIAN
• PAPER OR PAPYRUS
-this is a plant that grew
abundantly along the
Nile River.
-people then were able
to send letters or
correspondences
anywhere in the world
since the pieces of the
paper were very light that
they could be carried and
delivered by birds.
• INK
-Egyptians
invented ink by
combining soot
with different
chemicals to
produce inks of
different colors
-it must be
tamper-proof so
that people could
not simply tinker
with those
written down by
authorities.
• HIEROGLYPHICS
-this is a system of
writing with the use
of symbols.
• COSMETICS
-Egyptians
invented the
use of
cosmetics and
their function
in Ancient
Egypt was
both health
and aesthetic
reasons.
• KOHL
-was created
by mixing soot
or malachite
with mineral
galena.
-Egyptian
wore kohl
around the
eyes to
prevent and
even cure for
an eye disease.
• WIG
-are used to
enhance the
appearance of
people who are
balding or those
who want to try
new trends.
-Wig is used to
protect the
shaved heads of
the wealthy
Egyptians from
the harmful rays
of the sun.
• WATER
CLOLCK/CLEPSYDRA
-this devices utilizes
gravity that affects the
flow of the water from one
vessel to another.
-this was widely used as a
time keeping device
during the ancient times.
 GREEK
CIVILIZATION
• GREECE is an archipelago in
the southern eastern part of
Europe.
• Known as the birthplace of
western philosophy.
• Some of the major
achievements of the Greeks
include in-depth works on
philosophy and
mathematics.
GREEK WISE
MEN
• THALES- reasoned
that matter was
composed of
convertible water.
• SOCRATES –
become
renowned for
this
contribution
to the field of
ethics.
• HIPPOCRATES
– pioneered
regarding
medicine as a
science apart
from religion.
• ARISTOTLE –
scientific work for
gathering
information on the
structure and
behavior of plants
and animals to
their identification,
description, and
classification.
• ARCHIMEDES
– discovery of
principles of
lever and
pulley.
• PYTHOGORAS
– Greek
mathematicia
n perfected
geometry as a
single logical
process
system.
• PTOLEMY –
greatest
astronomer
s of the
Ancient
times.
 CONTRIBUTIONS
OF GREEK
• WATER CLOCK – the
purpose was the same
now in the present, to
tell an individual when
to start. According to
Plato, he believed to
have utilized an alarm
clock to signal the start
of his lecture.
• WATER MILL – they
was commonly used
in agricultural
processes like milling
or grain which was
necessary form of
food processing
during that time.
 ROMANS
CIVILIZATION
• ROMAN EMPIRE – was
perceived to be the
strongest political and
social entity in the West.
Considered the Roman
Empire to be the cradle of
politics and governance
during their period.
CONTRIBUTIONS OF
ROMANS
• NEWSPAPER – known as
gazettes. It contains the
announcement of the
Roman Empire to the
people. Made before the
invention of paper, these
gazettes were engraved
in metal or stone tablets
and then publicly display.
• BOUND BOOKS OR
CODEX – according to
sources, Julius Caesar
started the traditional of
stacking up papyrus to
form pages of a book.
Papyrus pages bound
together and covered by
animal skin, the Ancient
Roman Empire was able
to produce the first
books or Codex.
• ROMAN ARCHITECTURE –
they were able to
preserved great and
elaborate architectural
design because they could
produce studies and
stronger infrastructures.
Roman government major
projects studies such as:
Large Churches,
Aqueducts, Coliseums,
Amphitheatre, and an even
residential houses.
• ROMAN NUMERALS – The
Romans devised their own
number system specifically
to address the need for a
standard counting method
that would meet their
increasing communication
and trade concerns.
CHINESE CIVILIZATION
• Is considered to be the
oldest civilization. Known as
the MIDDLE KINGDOM.
CONTRIBUTION OF
CHINESE
• SILK – is naturally
produced by silk worms,
the Chinese was the ones
who developed the
technology to harvest the
silk and process it to
produce paper and
clothing. The silk opened
China to the outside
world, making way for
cultural, economic, and
scientific exchanges.
• TEA PRODUCTION –
was developed when
an unknown Chinese
inventor created a
machine that was able
to shred tea leaves
into strips. This
machine was done
using a wheel based
mechanism with sharp
edges attached to a
wooden or ceramic
pot.
• GREAT WALL OF
CHINA – largest
and most
extensive
infrastructure that
the nation built. It
serves as the
border that
divides China from
the rest of the
world.
• GUN POWDER –
one of the most
interesting
inventions in
China. It was
developed by
Chinese
Alchemists who
aimed to achieve
immorality.
 INDUS – HINDI
CIVILIZATION
• Tools
implements
are made of
woods, stones
and bronzes.
• The level of culture, the
significant achievements
in Science and
Technology, Arts,
Medicines, and
Mathematics made India
as the home of advance
knowledge and practice
of medicine.
• Implication of
zero and infinity,
square root and
cube root,
negative and
positive.
 THANK YOU
FOR LISTENING