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Lesson 4: Citing Sources

This document provides an overview of citing sources and different citation styles. It discusses the purpose of citations, forms of citations including in-text and reference citations. It then examines various citation styles including APA, MLA, IEEE, and AMA styles and their guidelines for both in-text and reference citations.

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Judybelle Almosara
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147 views35 pages

Lesson 4: Citing Sources

This document provides an overview of citing sources and different citation styles. It discusses the purpose of citations, forms of citations including in-text and reference citations. It then examines various citation styles including APA, MLA, IEEE, and AMA styles and their guidelines for both in-text and reference citations.

Uploaded by

Judybelle Almosara
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LESSON 4

CITING SOURCES
PURPOSE FOR CITING SOURCES

•To give credit to the original author


of a work
•To promote scholarly writing
•To help your target audience identify
your original source
FORMS OF CITATION

1.IN-TEXT CITATION
2.REFERENCE CITATION
IN-TEXT CITATION
•Requires the writer to cite the details
of the reference used in a certain part
of his/her essay.
IN-TEXT CITATION FORMAT

•AUTHOR’S LAST NAME,


• YEAR OF PUBLICATION,
•PAGE # (IF
NECESSARY)
•Two of the three reviewed studies focusing
on communication in non-internet and
Internet relationships mediated by FtF, phone,
or email modalities found that the frequency
of each modality’s use was significantly linked
to the strength of the particular relationship
(Cumming et al., 2002).
REFERENCE CITATION
•Refers to the complete bibliographic
entries of all references used by the
writer. This appears in the reference
list found at the last part of the paper.
STYLE GUIDES
• The Publication Manual of the American Psychological
Association (APA)
• The Modern Language Association Style Guide (MLA)
• Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE)
• American Medical Association Manual of Style (AMA)
• The Chicago Manual Style
STYLE GUIDE DISCIPLINE
Psychology, Education, Hotel and Restaurant
APA management, Business, Economics and other Social
Sciences

MLA Literature, Art and Humanities

IEEE Engineering
AMA Medicine, Health Sciences and other
Natural Sciences
Reference Books, Non-Academic Periodicals
CHICAGO (e.g., newspapers, magazines, journals, among
others)
GUIDELINES IN IN-TEXT CITATION

1. APA, 6TH EDITION


• According to Sipacio (2014) APA style is required
for business students majors.
• APA style is applied in the social sciences (Sipacio,
2014)
1.According to Sipacio and Barrot (2014),
APA style is required for business student
majors.
2.APA style is required for Business student
majors (Sipacio & Barrot, 2014)
• According to Sipacio, Barrot and Sanchez (2014) the APA style is
appropriate for the fields of nursing and education.
• The APA style is appropriate for the fields of nursing and
education (Sipacio,Barrot, and Sanchez, 2014).

• Subsequent Citation:
• Sipacio et al. states that ingeneral, the social sciences employ this
citation style (2014).
• In general, the social sciences employ this citation style ( Sipacio
et al., 2014)
When you use direct quote with less
than 40 words, you are required to
include the page number(s) enclosed
in parenthesis.
1. Sipacio (2014) claimed that “beginners found the
APA style guide too complex” (p.56).
2. According to Sipacio (2014) “beginners found the
APA style guide too complex” (p.56).
3. He claimed that “beginners found the APA style
guide too complex” (Sipacio, 2014, p.56) because of
several factors.
•When you use direct quote with 40 words or
more, you are still required to include the page
number/s. Start your quotation in a new line
with a ½ indentation on the left margin. There is
no need to enclose long quotations in quotation
marks, but the parenthetical citation should be
placed after the period.
In his article “Poverty in the Philippines: Income, Assets, and Access”,
Scheliz (2005) suggest a list of causes of poverty.
(1) low to moderate economic growth for the past 40 years; (2)
low growth elasticity of poverty reduction; (3) weakness in
employment generation and the quality of jobs generated; (4)
failure to fully develop the agriculture sector; (5) high inflation
during crisis periods; (6) high levels of population growth; and
(7) high and persistent levels of inequality (income and assets),
which dampen the positive impacts of economic expansion.
(p.2)
MLA, 7 TH EDITION

•This style follows the autor-


page method.
•Sipacio claimed that MLA style is
required for Humanities students
majors (54).
•MLA style is required for Humanities
student majors (Sipacio 54).
•Sipacio and Barrot claimed that
MLA style is required for
Humanities student majors (54).
•If the print source does not list an author,
use the shortened title of the work
enclosed in quotation marks in place of
the author’s name
•MLA style is one of the many
citation styles students can use
(“Citation Styles” 64).
DIRECT QUOTATIONS

• Use double quotation marks to enclose direct quotes


not exceeding four lines. In the parenthetical citation,
give the author’s name and the page number.
• All punctuations which are part of the quoted text
must be placed inside the quotation marks, but if the
punctuations are part of your text, place them outside.
•Miranda claimed that “adhering to a style is
a mark of discipline” (56).
•Would it be fair to say that “adhering to a
style is a mark of discipline” (Miranda 56)?
IF YOUR SOURCE QUOTED ANOTHER TEXT, USE “QTD. IN”
(WHICH STANDS FOR “QUOTED IN”) IN THE PARENTHETICAL
REMARKS:

•Mallari claimed that “the levels of


complexity differs according to each
person” (qtd. In Sipacio 56) because of
several factors.
•For direct quotations that exceed four lines of
text, start in new line. There is no need to
enclose the whole text in double quotation
marks, but make sure to indent the block of text
1” from the left. Maintain double spacing. The
parenthetical citation should come after the
closing punctuation mark of the quoted text.
In his article “Poverty in the Philippines: Income, Assets, and
Access”, Scheliz (2005) suggest a list of causes of poverty.
(1) low to moderate economic growth for the past 40
years; (2)low growth elasticity of poverty reduction; (3)
weakness in employment generation and the quality of
jobs generated; (4) failure to fully develop the
agriculture sector; (5) high inflation during crisis periods;
(6) high levels of population growth; and (7) high and
persistent levels of inequality (income and assets), which
dampen the positive impacts of economic expansion.
(2)
3. IEEE EDITORIAL STYLE MANUAL, 2014 (P 34)

• In this style, there is no need to name the author,


page number, or date of publication in the text-
citation. Instead, the references numbered according
to the order in which they are cited in the text. The
references numbers which appear in the text have to
be enclosed in brackets.
• When reference which was cited earlier is used again in the later
parts of the text, the same reference number will be used.

1. (Paragraph
2)
Sipacio claimed that IEEE style is complex [1]

There are reason why it has been claimed that


2. (Paragraph
5) using IEEE formatting style is complex [1].
•The reference number has to
correspond to the full
bibliographic details of the text
in the reference list of your
paper.
In text:
Sipacio claimed that IEEE style is complex [1].
Reference:
[1] B. Sipacio, Citation of Engineering.
Chicago: Skyward Publishing, 2010.
In text:
Sipacio claimed that IEEE style is complex [1].
[1]

Reference:
[1]
[1]B. Sipacio, Citation of Engineering. Chicago:
Skyward Publishing, 2010.
4. AMA MANUAL OF STYLE 2010TH EDITION,
(SECTION 1, PART 3)
• As with the IEEE editorial style, there is no need to add
the author, date, or year of publication in the in-text
citation. Instead, rach reference is assigned a number
according to the order in which it was cited in the text.
The number in reference is placed in superscript after
the period in the sentence.
Guidelines in Reference Citations
• Place the reference list on a new page separate from the text of your
writing; label this page “References” and align it at the center at the
top of the opage. Do not use bold face, underline, or quotation marks
for the title.
• Apply hanging indentation . This simply means the lines following the
first line in an entry should be indented from the left margin.
• All text should be double-spaced just like the rest of the paper.
• Follow this sequence in writing the names of the author: Last Name, First name
Initial
• Arrange the references in alphabetical order based on the last names of the
authors.
• Do not cut or add to the titles.
• Capitalize only the first letter of the first word of a title, the first letter of the first
word of its subtitle after a colon, and the proper nouns.
• Italicize the titles. When the article title is used, italicize only the journal title.
• For online sources, make sure to remove the hyperlink of the URL.
• For print sources, place a period at the end of the entry.
• Put “n.d.” (no date) for sources with no date.
• Internet - OWL Purdue University Online Writing Lab. (n.d.).
APA style. Retrieved from https:
//owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/section2/10/
• Books - Friedman, T. L. (2009). Theories of Democratic State. NH.
Palgrave Macmillan.
• Articles from online Journal – Guthrie, K. & McCraken, H. (2010).
Reflective Pedagogy: Making meaning in experiential based online
courses. Journals of Educators Online, 7 (2), 1-21.Retrieved from
http://www.thejeo.com/Archives/Volume7Number2/GuthriePaper.pd
f.

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