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Reaction Conditions - Dry Media Reaction

Dry media or solventless reactions proceed under optimal conditions without the use of toxic organic solvents. Reactants are either used alone or incorporated into solid supports like clays or zeolites. This allows reactions to occur with high selectivity and reduced byproducts while avoiding purification steps. Some benefits include faster reaction rates due to increased accessibility of reactants, reduced pollution, and lower costs compared to solution-phase reactions. Examples of solventless reactions discussed include the Claisen rearrangement, nuclear bromination of phenols, and pinacol-pinacolone rearrangement.

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Manzari Kushwaha
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166 views

Reaction Conditions - Dry Media Reaction

Dry media or solventless reactions proceed under optimal conditions without the use of toxic organic solvents. Reactants are either used alone or incorporated into solid supports like clays or zeolites. This allows reactions to occur with high selectivity and reduced byproducts while avoiding purification steps. Some benefits include faster reaction rates due to increased accessibility of reactants, reduced pollution, and lower costs compared to solution-phase reactions. Examples of solventless reactions discussed include the Claisen rearrangement, nuclear bromination of phenols, and pinacol-pinacolone rearrangement.

Uploaded by

Manzari Kushwaha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Reaction conditions – Dry

media reaction
Submitted by:- Manzari Kushwaha
Roll No. :- 18/MAC/008
Submitted to:- Prof. Anuradha Mishra
What is reaction Condition?
• It is the environmental conditions, such as temperature, pressure,
catalysts & solvent, under which a reaction progresses optimally
• In Green synthesis, to avoid toxicity and volatile nature of many
organic solvents, particularly chlorinated hydrocarbons that are widely
used in huge amounts for organic reactions solventless catalytic
reaction conditions are used.
Solvent-free or solid state reaction
• A dry media reaction or solid-state reaction or solventless reaction is a
chemical reaction system in the absence of a solvent
• A solvent-free or solid state reaction may be carried out using the
reactants alone or incorporating them in clays, zeolites, silica, alumina
or other matrices to achieve high degree of stereoselectivity in the
products, to reduce by-products, to maximize rate of reaction
• Thermal process or irradiation with UV, microwave or ultrasound can
be employed to bring about the reaction
• This reactions follows the fifth principle of green chemistry which
avoid using toxic solvents in the chemical reaction.
The drive for the development of dry media reactions in
chemistry is:
• Not required to remove a solvent after reaction completion ultimately
purification step not required
• Reaction rate is high due more avaibility of reactants
• Solvent-free reactions obviously reduce pollution and bring down
handling costs due to simplification of experimental procedure, work
up technique and saving in labour. These would be especially
important during industrial production
• the products of solid state reactions turn out to be different from those
obtained in solution phase reactions. This is because of specific spatial
orientation or packing of the reacting molecules in the crystalline state.
Solid phase organic synthesis without using
any solvent
• The earliest record of an organic reaction in dry state is the Claisen
rearrangement of allyl phenyl ether to o-allyl phenol.
ARMOATIC SUBSTITUTION REACTIONS
Nuclear bromination of phenols with (N- bromo succinimide)
USUAL TREATMENT GREEN SYNTHESIS
• In solution a mixture of mono • The reaction of 3,5-
and dibromo derivatives is dimethylphenol with NBS in the
obtained. solid state gave the tribromo
derivative in 45% yield.
Pinacol- Pinacolone Rearrangement
USUAL TREATMENT GREEN SYNTHESIS
• In the presence of CCl3COOH • Pinacol- pinacolone
(in place of p- Toluenesulfonic rearrangements proceed faster
acid (PTSA or pTsOH ) or tosylic and more selectively in solid
acid ) gives major amount of the state.
isomeric product (B)
Other solventless reactions:-
• Halogenation
• Michael Addition
• Aldol Condensation
• Grignard Reaction
• Reformatsky Reaction
• Benzil-benzilic acid rearrangement
• Beckmann Rearrangement
• Oxidative coupling of phenols

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