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An Introduction To Fermentation Processes

Fermentation is defined as the generation of energy through the breakdown of organic compounds by microorganisms. There are several types of fermentation processes including producing microbial cells, enzymes, metabolites, recombinant products, and transforming compounds. A typical fermentation process involves growing microorganisms in a controlled bioreactor, monitoring growth conditions, harvesting and recovering the desired product.

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286 views18 pages

An Introduction To Fermentation Processes

Fermentation is defined as the generation of energy through the breakdown of organic compounds by microorganisms. There are several types of fermentation processes including producing microbial cells, enzymes, metabolites, recombinant products, and transforming compounds. A typical fermentation process involves growing microorganisms in a controlled bioreactor, monitoring growth conditions, harvesting and recovering the desired product.

Uploaded by

Phú Nguyễn
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AN INTRODUCTION

TO FERMENTATION PROCESSES
TRAN THI MY HANH, PhD
DEFINITION OF FERMENTATION
Biochemistry: the generation of energy by the
catabolism of organic compounds, in which
organic compounds act as both electron
donors and terminal electron acceptors.
Industrial microbiology: any process for the
production of product by the mass culture of a
microorganism.
THE CHRONOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT
OF THE FERMENTATION INDUSTRY
THE RANGE OF FERMENTATION
PROCESSES
1. Those that produce microbial cells (or
biomass) as the product
2. Those that produce microbial enzymes
3. Those that produce microbial metabolites
4. Those that produce recombinant products
5. Those that modify a compound that is added
to the fermentation—the transformation
process
Microbial Biomass
The commercial production of microbial
biomass may be divided into two major
processes:
The production of yeast to be used in the baking
industry
The production of microbial cells to be used as
human food or animal feed (single-cell
protein)
Microbial Enzymes
Microbial Metabolites
• Primary products: essential for the growth of
microbes and produced during the log phase
(trophophase). E.g. amino acids, nucleotides,
proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, carbohydrates
• Secondary products: Produced during the
stationary phase (idiophase) and don’t have
any obvious function in cell metabolism
Recombinant Products
Genes from higher organisms may be introduced
into microbial cells such that the recipients are
capable of synthesizing “foreign” proteins.
• A wide range of microbial cells has been used as
hosts for such systems including Escherichia coli,
Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and filamentous fungi.
• Animal cells cultured in fermentation systems are
also widely used for the production of
heterologous proteins.
Transformation Processes
Microbial cells may be used to convert a
compound into a structurally related,
financially more valuable compound.
The conversion of acetonitrile to acrylamide by
Rhodococcus rhodochrous is an example of
the technology being used in the
manufacturing of a bulk chemical—20,000
metric tons being produced annually
Drug metabolites: drug metabolites have
been produced in small-scale fermentation,
facilitating the investigation of their biological
activity and/or toxicity.
TYPICAL FERMENTATION PROCESS

A Generalized Schematic Representation of a Typical Fermentation Process

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