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4.1 The Unit Circle

The unit circle is a circle with radius 1 and center at the origin. Every point on the unit circle satisfies the equation x^2 + y^2 = 1. Arcs are parts of a circle between two points, with an initial and terminal point. Angles are formed by two rays with a common vertex point. Degrees are defined as the measure of a central angle subtended by an arc equal to 1/360 of the circumference. Radians are defined as the measure of a central angle subtended by an arc equal to the radius. There is a conversion between degrees and radians, where 180 degrees = π radians and π/180 radians = 1 degree.

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93 views

4.1 The Unit Circle

The unit circle is a circle with radius 1 and center at the origin. Every point on the unit circle satisfies the equation x^2 + y^2 = 1. Arcs are parts of a circle between two points, with an initial and terminal point. Angles are formed by two rays with a common vertex point. Degrees are defined as the measure of a central angle subtended by an arc equal to 1/360 of the circumference. Radians are defined as the measure of a central angle subtended by an arc equal to the radius. There is a conversion between degrees and radians, where 180 degrees = π radians and π/180 radians = 1 degree.

Uploaded by

japjap
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 4

Circular and
Trigonometric Functions

1
Chapter 4.1
The Unit Circle

2
Unit Circle

A unit circle is a circle whose radius is equal to


one unit and whose center is at the origin.

Every point on the unit circle satisfies the


equation
x  y  1.
2 2

3
1.5
y
 0,1
1.0

0.5

 1,0  1,0 
-1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.5 1.0 1.5
x
-0.5

-1.0
 0, 1
-1.5
4
Example 4.1.1
1
Find points in the unit circle whose x  coordinate is .
2
x2  y2  1 The points are
1
2
1 3  1 3
   y 2
1  ,  &  ,   .
2 2 2  2 2 
1 1.5

y 1
2 y 1 3 
 , 
4 1.0
2 2 
3 0.5

y 
2

4 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.5 1.0 1.5


x
-0.5

3
y -1.0 1
 , 
3

2 -1.5  2 2 
5
Arcs
Arcs are parts of a circle with two endpoints,
the initial point and terminal point.

terminal point

initial point

6
Angles
The plane angle NOP is formed by two rays
ON and OP. The point O is called the vertex
and the rays are called the sides.

O P
7
N
terminal side

O P
initial side

An angle is positive if the direction of rotation


is counterclockwise
and negative if the direction of rotation is
clockwise. 8
The angle intercepts the arc.
The arc subtends the angle.
9
Degrees

A degree   is defined as the measure of a


central angle subtended by an arc of a circle
equal to 1 of the circumference of the
360
circle.

10
1 of the
360
circumference

The measure of the central angle is 1


11
Radians

A radian rad is defined as the measure of the


central angle subtended by an arc of a circle
equal to the radius of the circle.

12
arc whose
length is r

The measure of the central angle is 1 rad.


13
Degrees and Radians
The circumference of a circle is 2 r and it
subtends an angle of 360 .

2 rad  360

180
1 rad 


1  rad
180 14
Example 4.1.2

7 180
1. Express rad in degrees. 1 rad 
12 
7 7 180
rad    105
12 12 

1  rad
2. Express  210 in radians. 180
 7
210  210  rad   rad
180 6
15
Arc Length
On a circle of radius r , a central angle of 
intercepts an arc of length
s  r .

s  r

r

16
Arc Length in a Unit Circle

In a unit circle, r  1.
s 



1

17
End of Chapter 4.1

18

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