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General Mathematics (MATH 01) : Chapter 3 Module

The document discusses inverse functions. [1] It defines a one-to-one function and introduces the inverse function property. [2] A one-to-one function has an inverse function where the domain of the inverse is the range of the original and vice versa. [3] The document provides steps to find the inverse of a function by interchanging variables and solving for the new variable.

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Ken Aguila
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183 views

General Mathematics (MATH 01) : Chapter 3 Module

The document discusses inverse functions. [1] It defines a one-to-one function and introduces the inverse function property. [2] A one-to-one function has an inverse function where the domain of the inverse is the range of the original and vice versa. [3] The document provides steps to find the inverse of a function by interchanging variables and solving for the new variable.

Uploaded by

Ken Aguila
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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General Mathematics

(MATH 01)
CHAPTER 3 MODULE

MATH 01 – General Mathematics: Inverse of a One-to-One Function


CHAPTER 3: Inverse of a One-to-One Function

 One-to-One Functions
 Inverse Function Property
 Finding the Inverse of a One-to-One Function
 Graphing Inverse Functions

MATH 01 – General Mathematics: Inverse of a One-to-One Function


LESSON 3.1 One-to-One Functions

Definition

A function 𝑓 is said to be one-to-one if and only if there is no


two distinct values of 𝑥 in the domain of 𝑓 say 𝑎 and 𝑏, that would
make
𝑓 𝑎 = 𝑓(𝑏) .
If 𝑎 and 𝑏 are any two distinct numbers in the domain of 𝑓, 𝑓 is
said to be a one to one function if and only if
𝑓 𝑎 ≠ 𝑓(𝑏)

MATH 01 – General Mathematics: Inverse of a One-to-One Function


LESSON 3.1 One-to-One Functions

Determine if the following relations are one-to-one:

• The relation pairing an SSS member to his or her SSS No.


• The relation pairing a real number to its square.
• The relation pairing a person to his or her citizenship.
• The relation pairing a distance d (in kilometers) traveled
along a given jeepney route to the jeepney fare for
traveling that distance. Given:
8.00 𝑖𝑓 0 < 𝑑 ≤ 4
𝐹 𝑑 =ቊ
8.00 + 1.50𝑑 𝑖𝑓 𝑑 > 4

MATH 01 – General Mathematics: Inverse of a One-to-One Function


LESSON 3.1 One-to-One Functions

Determine if the following functions are one-to-one.

A. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3
B. 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 𝑥
Both expressions are functions, since there is a unique value of y for
every value of 𝑥 and the function 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) has been expressed explicitly in
terms of 𝑥.
In letter A (𝑦 = 𝑥 3 ), there is no value of 𝑦 repeated in every value of
𝑥. Thus the function is said to be one-to-one. If the 𝑥 is solved in terms of y,
𝑥 = 3 𝑦 which is a function by itself.
In letter B (𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − 𝑥), there are values of 𝑦 which are equal for
different values of 𝑥. Thus the function is said to be many-to-one. Note that
when 𝑥 = 0 and 𝑥 = 1, the function is both equal to zero.

MATH 01 – General Mathematics: Inverse of a One-to-One Function


LESSON 3.1 One-to-One Functions

Horizontal Line Test


A function y = f(x) is one-to-one if and only if
no horizontal line intersects the graph of y = f(x)
in more than one point.
y
Example: The function
y = x2 – 4x + 7 is not one-to-one (0, 7) (4, 7)
on the real numbers because the y=7
line y = 7 intersects the graph at 2
both (0, 7) and (4, 7). x
2

MATH 01 – General Mathematics: Inverse of a One-to-One Function


LESSON 3.1 One-to-One Functions

Example: Apply the horizontal line test to the graphs


below to determine if the functions are one-to-one.
a) y = x3 b) y = x3 + 3x2 – x – 1
y y
8 8

4 4

-4 4 -4 4
x x

one-to-one not one-to-one


MATH 01 – General Mathematics: Inverse of a One-to-One Function
LESSON 3.1 One-to-One Functions

The Vertical and Horizontal Line Tests

All functions satisfy the vertical line test. All one-to-one


functions satisfy both the vertical and horizontal line tests.
f(x) f(x)

x x

MATH 01 – General Mathematics: Inverse of a One-to-One Function


LESSON 3.2 Inverse Function Property

If 𝑓 is a one-to-one function satisfying 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥),


then there is a function 𝑓 −1 , called the inverse function
of 𝑓, such that its set consists of the ordered pairs 𝑥 =
𝑓(𝑦) defined by
𝑥 = 𝑓 −1 (𝑦) if and only if 𝑦 = 𝑓 𝑥 .
Consequently, 𝑓 −1 is the inverse of the function if
and only if
𝑓 −1 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑓 𝑓 −1 𝑥 = 𝑥.
The domain of 𝑓 −1 is the range of 𝑓 and the range of
𝑓 −1 is the domain of 𝑓.

MATH 01 – General Mathematics: Inverse of a One-to-One Function


LESSON 3.2 Inverse Function Property
Every function y = f (x) has an inverse relation x = f (y).
Function y = |x| + 1 Inverse relation x = |y| + 1
x y x y
2 2
1 3 1 3
0 2 0 2
-1 1 -1 1
-2 -2
Domain Range Range Domain
The ordered pairs of :
y = |x| + 1 are {(-2, 3), (-1, 2), (0, 1), (1, 2), (2, 3)}.
x = |y| + 1 are {(3, -2), (2, -1), (1, 0), (2, 1), (3, 2)}.
The inverse relation is not a function. It pairs 2 to both -1 and +1.
MATH 01 – General Mathematics: Inverse of a One-to-One Function
LESSON 3.2 Inverse Function Property
The ordered pairs of the function f are reversed to
produce the ordered pairs of the inverse relation.
Example: Given the function
f = {(1, 1), (2, 3), (3, 1), (4, 2)}, its domain is {1, 2, 3, 4}
and its range is {1, 2, 3}.
The inverse relation of f is {(1, 1), (3, 2), (1, 3), (2, 4)}.
The domain of the inverse relation is the range of the
original function.
The range of the inverse relation is the domain of the
original function.

MATH 01 – General Mathematics: Inverse of a One-to-One Function


LESSON 3.2 Inverse Function Property

Finding 𝒇−𝟏 for Specific Values


Domain of 𝑓 −1 = Range of 𝑓
Range of 𝑓 −1 = Domain of 𝑓

If 𝑓 1 = 5, 𝑓 3 = 7, and 𝑓 8 = 10, find


𝑓 −1 5 = 1, 𝑓 −1 (7)=3 and 𝑓 −1 10 =8

MATH 01 – General Mathematics: Inverse of a One-to-One Function


LESSON 3.3 Finding the Inverse of a Function

General Steps in Finding the Inverse of a Function

1. Express the function 𝑦 as a function of 𝑥.


2. Interchange the variables. Substitute 𝑦 = 𝑥, and
𝑥 = 𝑦.
3. Solve for 𝑦 in terms of 𝑥.
4. Check if it satisfies 𝑓 −1 𝑓(𝑥) or 𝑓 𝑓 −1 (𝑥)

MATH 01 – General Mathematics: Inverse of a One-to-One Function


LESSON 3.3 Finding the Inverse of a Function

Find the inverse of the following functions.


Determine also their domain and range.
• 𝑓 𝑥 = 3𝑥 + 2
𝑥 5 −3
• 𝑓 𝑥 =
2
𝑥+1
• 𝑓 𝑥 =
𝑥+2
2𝑥+3
• 𝑓 𝑥 =
𝑥−1
• 𝑓 𝑥 = 3𝑥

MATH 01 – General Mathematics: Inverse of a One-to-One Function

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