Scribd
Upload
147 views14 pages

Chemistry

This document describes procedures for identifying ions in unknown solutions through a series of chemical tests. The procedure involves precipitating out ions with hydrogen sulfide and analyzing the precipitates and filtrates. Key ions that can be identified include Cu2+, Cd2+, Pb2+, Bi3+, Sn2+, Sb3+, As3+, and Hg2+. Through steps of dissolving, adding reagents, observing color changes and precipitates, the procedure allows systematic identification of these metal ions in the hydrogen sulfide group.

Uploaded by

pelma pelonia
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
147 views14 pages

Chemistry

This document describes procedures for identifying ions in unknown solutions through a series of chemical tests. The procedure involves precipitating out ions with hydrogen sulfide and analyzing the precipitates and filtrates. Key ions that can be identified include Cu2+, Cd2+, Pb2+, Bi3+, Sn2+, Sb3+, As3+, and Hg2+. Through steps of dissolving, adding reagents, observing color changes and precipitates, the procedure allows systematic identification of these metal ions in the hydrogen sulfide group.

Uploaded by

pelma pelonia
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 14

Experiment 5

• REACTION AND ANALYSIS


• OF THE
• HYDROGEN SULFIDE GROUP
OBJECTIVES
1. Observe the colors of the products formed in the
reactions.
2. Develop a systematic method that will identify the
ions in an unknown solutions through the application
of chemical tests.
PROCEDURE
• ANALYSIS OF GROUP IIA CATIONS

5-1. Evaporate almost to dryness 1mL of the unknown


solution. Add 1 drop of 12M HCl and 39 drops of water,
10 drops of 10% thioacetamide, and heat in a water
bath. Saturate again with H2S to complete precipitation.
Centrifuge, decant and discard the centrifugate.
5-2. Precipitate: PbS, HgS, CuS, Bi2S3, CdS, As2S3,
Sb2S3, Sb2S5, SnS, SnS2

Note the color of the precipitate. Add 8 drops of


3M NaOH and saturate with H2S. Centrifuge and
decant the centrifugate.
5-3. Precipitate contains Cu subgroup:
CuS, CdS, PbS, Bi2S3
Refer to the analysis of the copper sub – group (IIA
cations)
5-4. Centrifuge contains Sn sub – group:
Na2HgS2,Na3SbS4 ,Na3AsS4, Na2SnS3
Refer to the analysis of Tin subgroup (IIB cations)
B. ANALYSIS OF GROUP IIA CATIONS

5-3 Precipitate contains : CuS , Cds, PbS,


and Bi2S3
Dissolve in hot 3M HNO3. Centrifuge and
decant.
5-3-1. Precipitate S Discard
5-3-2. Centrifuge contains: Pb2+, Bi3+, Cu2+, and Cd2+.

Transfer to a casserole. Add 3 drops conc. H2SO4.,


evaporate until dense white fumes(SO3) appear and
only 2-3 drops of liquid remain . Cool and dilute with
1mL water. Stir and transfer to a centrifuge tube. Rinse
casserole with 5 drops water and add washings to the
solution. Centrifuge and decant.
5-3-3. Precipitate PbSO4
Dissolve in 10 drops of sat. NH4CH3COO and heat.
Add 1 drop of conc. HAc and 2 drops 1M K2CrO4.
Yellow precipitate confirms Pb2+.
3+ 2+ 2+.
5-3-4. Centrifugate contains: Bi ,Cu ,Cd
Make the solution basic by addition of conc. NH3 and
add an excess of 3 drops . Centrifuge.
5-3-5. Precipitate : Bi(OH)3
Add 10 drops or more of freshly prepared sodium
stannite solution. Immediate blackening of the
precipitate confirms Bi3+.
5-3-6 Centrifugate: Cu(NH ) 2+, Cd(NH ) 2+.
3 4 2+ 3 4
a. Deep blue solution confirms Cu .a portion
acidified with HAc, and add K4Fe(CN)6.
2+
Reddish brown ppt. confirms Cu .
b. A portion acidified with
2+.
HAc saturate with H2S.
Yellow ppt. confirms Cd
C. ANALYSIS OF TIN SUB- GROUP (IIB)
CATIONS
5-4. Centrifugate contains Sn sub group:
Na2HgS2, Na3SbS4, Na3AsS4, Na2SnS3.
Add 3M HCl until solution is barely acid.
Heat. Centrifugate and discard centrifugate.
Add 10 drops of conc. HCl . Heat for 1 min.
and centrifuge.
5-4-1 Centrifugate : Sb3+ Sn2+
Divide into three equal portions:
a. To the one portion add an equal volume of
3M HCl. Place a piece of Mg ribbon and any
precipitate formed. Add 4 drops sat. HgCl2
to the clear soln. White to gray precipitate
confirms presence of Sn2+.
b. To the 2nd portion add equal volume of water and
3+.
3M H2C2O4. Pass H2S. Orange ppt. confirms Sb .

Add 1 drop of the centrifugate to the surface of a clean


silver coin. Place a small piece of tin on the coin. Black
deposit insoluble in indicates Sb3+
NaOBr
5-4-2 Precipitate; As2S3, HgS
Add 6M NaOH. Centrifuge and decant.
5-4-3. Precipitate; HgS
Dissolve with aqua regia(1:3 parts conc nitric acid
and conc hydrochloric acid)
a. Take 5 drops and add to it 2 drops SnCl2.
2+
white ppt to black ppt. confirms Hg .
b. Take another 5 drops and add 2 drops 6M HCl on
copper coin. Let it stand, wash, wipe dry. A silver
2+
white deposit (amalgam)confirms Hg
3+.
5-4-4. Centrifugate : As
Add 5 drops 0.5M AgNO
3. If precipitation
occurs, discard residue. Add 15
drops of 2.5M NaCH3COO. Reddish
3+.
brown ppt. confirms As

You might also like