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Tablet Formulation

The document discusses tablet formulation and design. It covers topics like preformulation studies, systematic approaches to tablet product design including selecting excipients and formulations. It also discusses common manufacturing problems like sticking, picking, filming and their causes and remedies. The document provides guidance on optimizing tablet properties and performance.

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Wicharn Ketjinda
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
100% found this document useful (1 vote)
372 views

Tablet Formulation

The document discusses tablet formulation and design. It covers topics like preformulation studies, systematic approaches to tablet product design including selecting excipients and formulations. It also discusses common manufacturing problems like sticking, picking, filming and their causes and remedies. The document provides guidance on optimizing tablet properties and performance.

Uploaded by

Wicharn Ketjinda
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 34

TABLET FORMULATION

AND DESIGN

WICHAN KETJINDA
Pharmaceutical Technology
Outline
I. คุณสมบัตขิ องยาเม็ดที่พงึ ประสงค์ III. Tablet Formulation and
Design
II. Manufacturing Problem
o Preformulation
o Binding
o Systematic approach to
o Sticking, picking, filming
tablet product design
o Capping and laminating
o Tablet component
o Chipping and cracking
o Drug and dye migration

2
I. คุณสมบัตข ่ งประสงค ์
ิ องยาเม็ดทีพึ

 Compressible properties  Bioavailability properties


o mechanical strength o fast disintegration
( hardness, friability ) o high dissolution (extent and rate)
o uniformity of dosage unit  Stability
o patient compliance o chemical stability
( size, appearance) o physical stability

3
II. Manufacturing Problems

 Functional defect  Imperfection of tablet (Visual defect)


 due to faulty formulation  Factors related
◦ non-disintegrating o Tabletting process (capping,laminating)
o Excipient ( binding,chipping,sticking )
◦ slow dissolution
o Machine ( double impression )
◦ drug instability

4
1. Binding
Problem Characteristics Cause and Remedy

◦ Tablets adhere, seize or tear in die o Insufficient or improper lubricant

◦ Ejection of tablet is hindered increase amount or use more

◦ Compress tablets with loud noise effective lubricant

◦ Tablet sides are cracked (straitation) o Low distribution of lubricant


sieved and mixed e fine powder

o Too coarse or hard granules


Straitation
reduce its size
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2. Sticking, Picking, Filming
Problem Characteristics
◦ Sticking : ◦ Picking : • Filming:
tablet material adhere Some pieces of more picking causes
to punch face depend granules adhere film formed on punch
on degree of sticking ; punch face make face
picking & filming pits on table t face

6

้ วนของยาเม็ ดติดอยู่ทหน้
“Sticking” (a) ชินส่ ่ี าสาก (b) ผิวหน้าของยาเม็ดไม่สมบูรณ์


ผิวหน้าของยาเม็ ดทีปกติ ่ ปัญหา “picking”
และทีมี
7
้ ล ์มซึงท
การก่อตัวของชันฟิ

่ าให ้เกิดปัญหา “filming”

การเกิด “Filming”ภายหลังการตอกผ่านไปหลายๆ ครง้ั


8
2. Sticking, Picking, Filming
Cause Remedy
o Improper lubricant o use more effective
lubricant
o Granules not dried o moisture analysis to set limits
properly
o Too soft or weak granules o optimize the amount of
binder

o Oily or wax material o add an absorbent

9
3. Capping, Laminating Capping
Problem Characteristics ◦ upper or lower segment of
tablet separates
◦ Laminating
◦ horizontally (partially or
◦ separation of a tablet into two or
completely) from the main
more distinct horizontal layers
body and comes off as a cap

10
3. Capping, Laminating

Cause Remedy
o Air entrapment o remove fines (100-200 mesh)

o reduce speed of tabletting

o Too amount or o reduce amount of lubricant


mixing of lubricant

o Not thoroughly dried o Dry the granules


properly
granules

11
3. Capping, Laminating
Cause Remedy
o Elastic recovery (stress o increasing the amount of binder
relaxation) o reduce compression force

o Tooling : deep concave o use flat face punch : Incorrect


punch adjustment of lower punch
o readjust lower punch properly

12
4. Chipping, Cracking Cracking
Problem Characteristics ◦ Small, fine cracks observed
◦ Chipping on the upper and lower
◦ the breaking of tablet edges, while central surface of tablets,
the tablet leaves the press or
during subsequent handling and
coating operations

13
4. Chipping, Cracking
Cause Remedy
o Coarse granule o reduce granule size

o Too dried granule o increase moisture


(middle crack)
o Tooling :
 deep concave punch o use flat face punch

 Incorrect adjustment of o readjust lower punch properly


lower punch

14
5. Drug and dye migration
o Drug or dye migrates to the surface of granules while drying
which cause non content uniformity or mottling
 Intergranular migration  Intragranular migration
- solute/solvent is driven to - solute/solvent move from interior
move by capillary force via to exterior of the granules
the intergranular cavity - dried granules are highly coloured
- the maximum concentration outer zone and colourless interior
of the migrated solute will
occur in the surface

15
5. Drug and dye migration
Cause Remedy

o Intergranular migration o Change method of drying from


tray drying to fluid-bed drying
o If use tray drying ;
- reduce the thickness of the granule bed
- remix dried granules before tabletting
o Intragranular migration o Prepare the smallest granule

o Intragranular & o use the minimum quantity of


granulating fluid
Intergranular migration o Use the granulating fluid with
higher viscosity
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II. Tablet Formulation
and Design
 กระบวนการพัฒนายาเม็ด  Topics
เพือ่ ให้ได้สตู รตารับและวิธผี ลิต • Preformulation
ทีเ่ หมาะสม ทาให้เชื่อมันได้
่ วา่ • Systematic approach
 ปริมาณยาถูกต้อง to tablet product
 ปลดปล่อยยาในตาแหน่งที่ design
ถูกต้อง • Tablet component
 มีความคงตัวดี
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A. Preformulation Studies

Stability (solid and solution state)


Excipient-drug stability
Physicochemical properties
Physicomechanical properties
In vitro dissolution

18
B. Systematic approach to tablet product design
1. ตำแหน่ งในกำรปลดปล่อยตัวยำ
◦ max. absorption
◦ max. drug stability
2. วิธีกำรผลิต
◦ Granulation high dose , low compressibility
low bulk density
◦ Drug stability non-aqueous wet granulation ,
◦ dry method
◦ Solubility wet granulation เพิ่มการละลาย ของ
hydrophobic drug
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B. Systematic approach to tablet product design
3. เลือกส่ วนประกอบในสู ตรตำรับ
4. เตรียมตำรับทดลอง
o ปริ มาณยาในแต่ละเม็ด
o ชนิดและปริ มาณของส่ วนประกอบ
o รู ปร่ างและขนาดของยาเม็ด
o วิธีการผลิต
o เปรี ยบเทียบคุณสมบัติของยาเม็ดที่ได้ดว้ ยวิธีทางสถิติ
(Experimental design) เช่น factorial design , optimization

20

21
B. Systematic approach to tablet product design

5. การทดสอบนอกร่ างกาย เลือกสู ตรตารับสุ ดท้าย


6. การทดลองในร่ างกายของคน และสัตว์
Bioequivalence

7. การทดลองผลิตจริ งในทางอุตสาหกรรม

22
 สารเพิ่มปริมาณ
◦ Compatability
◦ Moisture content
◦ Effect to disintegration and dissolution

 Soluble diluent Insoluble drug

 Insoluble diluent soluble drug

23
Direct compression filler

24
C. Tablet component
สารยึดเกาะ
Compatability
Neutral Starch, PVP, MC, EC
Anionic Sodium carboxymethylcellulose
Microbial contamination acacia, gelatin
Glucose > Acacia > Gelatin > PVP > Starch
Compaction > wet granulation >spray drying
25
C. Tablet component
สารยึดเกาะ
o Variation in wet granulation
o method of binder incorporation (wet or dry)
o viscosity and concentration of binder solution
o gelation temperature
o massing time

26
C. Tablet component
สำรช่ วยแตกตัว
o Superdisintegrant
High binder property
Direct compression
o method of incorporation
External small granule
Internal large granule
o running powder wetting

27
C. Tablet component
สารหล่อลื่น
◦ ปริมาณน้ อย แต่พื ้นที่ผิวสูง
◦ ปริมาณของสารและเวลาในการผสม
 Bonding properties
 disintegration
 dissolution
o ใช้ ขนาดอนุภาคเล็กที่สดุ ผ่าน sieve no. 100-300 mesh
28
Example C A S E
ActiveIngredients: CompoundA

STUDY
Chemical name: 7-chloro-5, 11-dihydrobenz(b, e)(1, 4)oxozepine-5-carboxamide
Molecular weight: 272.71
Therapeuticcategories: Anticonvulsant, Antidepressant
Anticipateddose: 400mgSingledose
Organolepticproperties: white, odorlessalmost tastelesspowders
29
Example
Physical characteristics: Densities; Bulk: 0.34g/cm3 Tap: 0.58g/cm3
Powder specificsurface: 0.5m2/g. Sizereductionmarkincreases
specificsurface(Micronizedformspecificsurface: 2.7m2/g) with
narrower distribution( 2)
Flowproperty: Good
Compressibility: Fair withlittlecappingtendency
Aqueoussolubility: verypoor (0.04mg/ml). Surfactant increasesdrugsolubility( 2)
Intrinsicdissolution: verylow, Powder dissolutionandeffect of excipients( 3)

30
Example
pH (1%): Approx 7, pKa: not applicable
Hygroscopicity: very low
Polymorph: 2 forms, i.e., I and II (Form II is 2-fold more stable than form I)
Stability (Solid state) Heat: Stable (at 60 degrees C)
Moisture: Stable (at 50% RH)
Light: Stable
Stability (Solution): Excellent
Drug-excipients compatibility studies: Compatible with Magnesium stearate,
Starch, Lactose, Dicalciumphosphate dehydrate, Talcum, Microcrystalline
cellulose, PEG6000, Plasdone C, and Stearic acid 31
Particle size plot of compound X Dissolution profile of compound X

32
Preformulation data ของ สาร X
o ผลึกสี ขาว ไม่มีกลิ่น และรส o มี polymorphism
o ขนาดการใช้ (dose) สู ง o ความคงตัวดี

o Compressibility ปานกลาง o การละลายน้ าต่า แต่ละลายน้ าดีข้ ึนเมื่อ

o Flowability ดี - micronized form

o ไม่ดูดความชื้น - ใช้ surfactant

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Prototype Formulation
Active ingredient : 400 mg/tablet Optimization level of excipients
Diluents : microcrystalline cellulose PVP: 2-5% (10-30 mg)
and/or lactose Ac-di-sol®: 2-5% (10-30 mg)
Binder : PVP Sodium lauryl sulphate: 4-8% (20-40 mg)
microcrystalline cellulose: 5% (30 mg)
Disintegrant : superdisintegrant, lubricants 1-5% (5.5-27.5 mg)
i.e, Ac-di-sol® lactose q.s. (125-42 mg)
Other : surfactant, sodium lauryl sulphate
Lubricants : magnesium stearate, talcum
34

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