Hand Printing

Chloe Jacks
Etching
Etching is the process of using strong acid or is the process of using
strong acid or mordant to cut into the unprotected parts of a
mordant to cut into the unprotected parts of a metal surface to
create a design in intaglio in the metal surface to create a design in
intaglio in the metal the original process metal the original process
in modern in modern manufacturing other chemicals may be used
on manufacturing other chemicals may be used on other types of
material. As an intaglio method other types of material. As an
intaglio method of printmaking it is, along with engraving, the of
printmaking it is, along with engraving, the most important
technique for old master prints ,most important technique for old
master prints ,and remains widely used today. And remains widely
used today.
Linocut
Linocut is a printmaking technique, a variant of is a printmaking
technique, a variant of woodcut in which a sheet of linoleum sometimes
woodcut in which a sheet of linoleum sometimes mounted on a wooden
block is used for the relief mounted on a wooden block is used for the
relief surface. A design is cut into the linoleum surface surface. A design
is cut into the linoleum surface with a sharp knife, with a sharp knife,
V--shaped chisel or gouge, with the shaped chisel or gouge, with the
raised un carved areas representing a reversal raised un carved areas
representing a reversal mirror image of the parts to show printed. The
mirror image of the parts to show printed. The linoleum sheet is inked
with a roller called a brayer, linoleum sheet is inked with a roller called a
brayer ,and then impressed onto paper or fabric. The actual and then
impressed onto paper or fabric. The actual printing can be done by
hand or with a press.
Screen Printing
Screen printing is a printing technique that uses a woven is a printing technique
that uses a woven mesh to support an ink mesh to support an ink--blocking stencil.
The attached blocking stencil. The attached stencil forms open areas of mesh that
transfer ink as a stencil forms open areas of mesh that transfer ink as a sharp-edged
image onto a substrate. A roller or squeegee image onto a substrate. A roller or
squeegee is moved across the screen stencil, forcing or pumping ink is moved
across the screen stencil, forcing or pumping ink past the threads of the woven
mesh in the open past the threads of the woven mesh in the open areas Screen
printing is also a stencil method of print areas. Screen printing is also a stencil
method of printmaking in which a design is imposed on a screen of silk or making
in which a design is imposed on a screen of silk or other fine mesh, with blank
areas coated with another fine mesh, with blank areas coated with an impermeable
substance, and ink is forced through the impermeable substance, and ink is forced
through the mesh onto the printing surface. It is also known as Screen mesh onto
the printing surface. It is also known as Screen Printing, silkscreen, serigraphy, and
serigraph.
Woodcut
Woodcut formally known as xylography formally known as xylography is a relief is
a relief printing artistic technique in printmaking in which an printing artistic
technique in printmaking in which an image is carved into the surface of a block of
wood, with image is carved into the surface of a block of wood, with the printing
parts remaining level with the surface while the printing parts remaining level with
the surface while the non the non--printing parts are removed, typically with
gouges. printing parts are removed, typically with gouges. The areas to show 'white'
are cut away with a knife or the areas to show 'white' are cut away with a knife or
chisel, leaving the characters or image to show in 'black’ chisel, leaving the
characters or image to show in 'black’ at the original surface level. The block is cut
along the at the original surface level. The block is cut along the grain of the wood
unlike wood engraving where the block grain of the wood unlike wood engraving
where the block is cut in the end is cut in the end--grain. In Europe beech wood
was most grain. In Europe beech wood was most commonly used; in Japan, a
special type of cherry wood commonly used; in Japan, a special type of cherry
wood was used.
Lithography
Lithography is a method for printing using a stone
(lithographic limestone) or printing using a stone
(lithographic limestone) or a metal plate with a
completely smooth surface. A metal plate with a
completely smooth surface. As a low enfolder as a
low--cost method of publishing cost method of
publishing theatrical works, lithography can be used
to theatrical works, lithography can be used to print
text or artwork onto paper or another print text or
artwork onto paper or another suitable material.
Mechanical Printing
Letter Press
Letterpress printing is a term for the relief printing of text printing is a term for the
relief printing of text and image using a press with a "type and image using a press with
a "type--high bed" printing high bed" printing press and movable type, in which a
reversed, raised press and movable type, in which a reversed, raised surface is inked and
then pressed into a sheet of paper to surface is inked and then pressed into a sheet of
paper to obtain a positive right obtain a positive right--reading image. It was the normal
reading image. It was the normal form of printing text from its invention by Johannes
form of printing text from its invention by Johannes Gutenberg in the mid Gutenberg in
the mid--15th century until the 19th century15th century until the 19th century and
remained in wide use for books and other uses until and remained in wide use for books
and other uses until the second half of the 20th century. In addition to the the second
half of the 20th century. In addition to the direct impression of inked movable type onto
paper or direct impression of inked movable type onto paper or an other receptive
surface, printmaking blocks such as another receptive surface, printmaking blocks such
as photo--etched zinc "cuts" (plates), linoleum blocks, wood etched zinc "cuts" (plates),
linoleum blocks, wooden graving, etc., using such a press. Engravings, etc.
How newspapers are printed
Newsprint is generally made by a mechanical milling process, without
the chemical processes that are process, without the chemical
processes that are often used to remove lignin from the pulp. The
lignin often used to remove lignin from the pulp. The lignin causes
the paper to rapidly become brittle and causes the paper to rapidly
become brittle and yellow when exposed to air and/or sunlight. Yellow
when exposed to air and/or sunlight. Traditionally, newsprint was
made from fibers Traditionally, newsprint was made from fibers
extracted from various softwood species of trees extracted from
various softwood species of trees (most commonly, spruce, fir, balsam
or pine. most commonly, spruce, fir, balsam or pine). However, an
increasing percentage of the worlds. However, an increasing
percentage of the worlds. Newsprint is made with recycled fibers.
Digital Printing
Photocopying
Photocopying is widely used in business, is widely used
in business, education, and government. There have
been education, and government. There have been
many predictions that photocopiers will many
predictions that photocopiers will eventually become
obsolete as information eventually become obsolete as
information workers continue to increase their digital
workers continue to increase their digital document
creation and distribution, and rely document creation
and distribution, and rely less on distributing actual
pieces of paper.
Laser Printing
A laser printer is a common type of computer laser
printer is a common type of quality text and graphic
son plain paper. As with digital and graphic son plain
paper. As with digital photocopiers and multifunction
printers ,laser printers employ a xerographic printing
printing process but differ from analog photocopiers
in that the image is produced by the direct that the
image is produced by the direct scanning of a laser
beam across the printer's scanning of a laser beam
across the printer's photo receptor.
Inkjet
An inkjet printer is a type of computer printer inkjet
printer is a type of computer printer that reproduces a
digital image by propelling that reproduces a digital
image by propelling variably-sized droplets of liquid
material ink sized droplets of liquid material ink on to a
page. Inkjet printers are the most on to a page. Inkjet
printers are the most common type of printer and range
from small common type of printer and range from
small inexpensive consumer models to very large and
inexpensive consumer models to very large and
expensive professional machines.