Section 11.

1 Your Skeletal System

Quick Quiz Complete each of these statements with

always, sometimes, or never.
I ____ warm up before exercising.

When I ride a bicycle or play contact sports, I ____

wear a helmet and other protective gear.

When I ride in a vehicle, I ____ fasten my seat belt.

My backpack for school is ____ less that 15% of my

body weight.

I ____ make an effort to eat balance meals and

exercise regularly.
Why do you think that teens might not always practice
these healthful behaviors?

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Section 11.1 Your Skeletal System
Your Skeletal System

Goals/Objectives

Identify the five main roles of the skeletal

system.
Describe the functions of bones and joints.
Explain how you can keep your skeletal system
healthy.

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Section 11.1 Your Skeletal System

Key Terms
Skeletal system The body system that serves as a support
framework, protects vital organs, works with
muscles to produce movement, and produces
blood cells.

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Section 11.1 Your Skeletal System

Functions of the Skeletal System

Your skeletal system has five main roles.
• provides support
• protects internal organs
• allows your body to move
• stores and produces materials that your body
needs (blood cells)

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Section 11.1 Your Skeletal System

Support and Protection

• Your skeleton is made up of all the bones in
your body.
• Your skeleton gives your body its basic shape and
provides the support that you need.
• Many bones of the skeletal system protect internal
organs.

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Section 11.1 Your Skeletal System

Movement
In coordination with your muscular and nervous
systems, your skeletal system allows you to move.

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Section 11.1 Your Skeletal System

Storage and Production of Materials

• Your bones store essential substances which are
released when other parts of the body need them.
• Some bones also produce blood cells.

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 Section 11.1 Your Skeletal System

Skull
The Skeletal System
9
1) Sternum (breastbone) 10
1
2) Vertebral column (backbone) 11
12
3) Carpals 12) Ribs 2
13
4) Metacarpals 13) Radius
15 14
5) Phalanges 14) Ulna 3
4
6) Tarsals 15) Pelvic girdle 5 16
7) Metatarsals 16) Femur
8) Phalanges 17) Patella 17
18
9) Clavicle (collarbone) 18) Fibula 19

0) Scapula (shoulder blade) 19) Tibia

6
1) Humerus 7
8
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 Section 11.1 Your Skeletal System

Skull
The Skeletal System
9
1) __________________ 10
1
2) _____________________ 11
12
3) ____________ 12) ______ 2
13
4) ____________ 13) ________
15 14
5) ____________ 14) ______ 3
4
6) ____________ 15) __________ 5 16
7) ____________ 16) ________
8) ____________ 17) ________ 17
18
9) ____________ 18) ________ 19

0) __________________ 19) _______

6
1) ____________ 7
8
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Section 11.1 Your Skeletal System

17
18
11
19
20
12
Radius

21 22
Carpals
13
14 23

24
Fibula
25

15
16
Phalanges

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Section 11.1 Your Skeletal System

Bones and Joints

• Your skeletal system is made up of just over 200
bones.
• A place in your body where two or more of your
bones come together is called a joint.

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Section 11.1 Your Skeletal System

Development of Bones
• Your bones are living structures that undergo change
throughout your life.
• Cartilage is a tough supportive tissue that is softer
and more flexible than bone.
• By young adulthood, most of this cartilage is
replaced by bone in a process called ossification.

• In a process called ossification minerals, such as

calcium and phosphorus, are deposited within the
cartilage, making it hard.

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Section 11.1 Your Skeletal System

Structure of Bones
• Bone consists of two different types of tissue—
compact bone and spongy bone.
• Another type of tissue called marrow fills the spaces
in bones.
• There are two types of marrow—red and yellow.

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Section 11.1 Your Skeletal System

Compact Bone
Compact bone makes up the
outer layer of all bones. Although
it looks dense and solid, It is full
of holes for nerves and blood vessels.

Spongy Bone
Outer Membrane Spongy bone contains flat
An outer membrane and needlelike structures
covers most of a long bone. that resist stress. Red bone
The inner portion of a membrane marrow may fill the open
contains cells that build up and spaces in some bones.
breakdown bone.
Central Cavity
Central cavities in long
bones usually contain
yellow bone marrow (fat).

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Section 11.1 Your Skeletal System

Joints
• Joints allow for movement and protect bones from
friction and force.
• Bones are held together at joints by strong, fibrous
bands called ligaments.

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Section 11.1 Your Skeletal System

Pivot Joint
A pivot joint connects your Ball-and-Socket Joint
head to the first vertebra in A ball-and-socket joint allows movement
your backbone. It allows you in all directions. Your shoulders and hips
to turn your head from are ball-and-socket joints.
side to side.

Gliding Joint
Hinge Joint
Gliding joints allow
Hinge joints allow
movement in many
bending and straightening
directions as the bones
movements.Your knees
slide along each other.
and elbows are
Your wrists and ankles contain
hinge joints.
gliding joints.

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Section 11.1 Your Skeletal System

1)_______ Joint
connects your head to the first 3)_____________ Joint
vertebra in your backbone. It allows allows movement in all directions. Your
you to turn your head from shoulders and hips are these joints.
side to side.

2)_______ Joint
4)_______ Joint
allow movement in many
allow bending and
directions as the bones
straightening
slide along each other.
movements. Your knees
Your wrists and ankles contain
and elbows are
these joints.
these joints.

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Section 11.1 Your Skeletal System

FYI – Cracking Knuckles

• Cracking knuckles has not been clearly linked to
causing arthritic problems.
• The popping or cracking sound is normal.
• When a joint is pulled, lower pressure is created in
the joint area, causing tiny air bubbles to break.
• Which is the noise people hear.

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Section 11.1 Your Skeletal System

Keeping Healthy
• A combination of eating well, exercising, and
avoiding injuries contributes to lifelong bone and
joint health.
• Regular medical checkups can help detect skeletal
system problems.

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Section 11.1 Your Skeletal System

Eating Well
• Adequate intake of calcium and phosphorus will help your
bones grow to their maximum size and strength.
• Osteoporosis is a condition in which the bones
become weak and break easily.
• Other nutrients that are important for bone health
include potassium, magnesium, and vitamins A, C,
and D.

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Section 11.1 Your Skeletal System

Exercising
• Another way to build strong bones and prevent
osteoporosis is to get plenty of weight-bearing
exercise.
• Activities in which the bones support the entire
weight of your body help your bones grow strong and
dense.

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Section 11.1 Your Skeletal System

Avoiding Bone Injuries

• A fracture is a break in a bone.
• You can protect your bones from fractures.
• When participating in a physical activity, wear
appropriate safety equipment, such as helmets and
pads.
• Always wear a seat belt when traveling in a vehicle.

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Section 11.1 Your Skeletal System

Avoiding Joint Injuries

Proper warm-up and stretching exercises are important to
help prevent joint injuries.
• Sprains - A sprain is an overstretched or torn ligament.
• Dislocations - In a dislocation, the ends of the bones in a
joint are forced out of their normal positions.
• Torn Cartilage - Serious damage to the cartilage between
the bones in a joint is known as torn cartilage.
• Overuse Injuries - When an activity is performed too often
or too strenuously, joints may become irritated and
inflamed.

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Section 11.1 Your Skeletal System

Medical Checkups
• A doctor can advise you on how to prevent serious
injury or recommend other professionals who can
help you.
• A nurse or doctor may check your spine for scoliosis,
an abnormal curvature of the spine.

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Section 11.1 Your Skeletal System

Questions
1. List the 4 main functions of the skeletal system.
2. Explain the function of bones.
3. Describe the two types of bone marrow.
4. What is a joint? Describe the function of movable joints in the
body.
5. Identify 4 ways you can help your skeletal system stay healthy.
6. What type of joint allows you to kneel down?
7. What type of joint allows you to move your arm in a circle?
8. If you run your fingers down the center of your back, which bones
can you feel?
9. What joint allows you to wave hello to a friend? What type of joint
is it?
10. What connects bones?

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