Earl Zar P.

Calingacion
BusMath Instructor
0997-509-7175
 Fractions are
expressions such as:
3 1/2
Horizontal line in the
3/19
middle is called the
Generally, a/b
fraction bar
where a and b are whole
2/3
numbers, and b ≠ 0
 Fractions represents
parts of a whole in a
Denominator represents
precise way
the number of equal
parts into which the
whole has been divided
Where a and b are whole
numbers, and b ≠ 0
 An improper fraction
If the remainder is 0, the
hasmixed
a numerator that
number is0, it is
With denominator
greater
actually than or equal
just a whole to
is undefined.
the denominator
number and
If its numerator
Whole number
represents is less
plus
a number a
thanisits
proper
that denominator,
fraction
greater is called
than (or
itmixed
is called
equal proper
to)number
one whole
fraction
Board Exercise: (4 students)
Use rectangles, circles, or
squares to represent the
following fractions:

3/2 11/6
3/4 5/8
 Multiplying
Divide thefraction
same is
one of
rectangleRule
the is:
easiest
into 4 equal
a/b of c/dto
operations
horizontal = a.c÷b.d
perform
parts, and
What is three
shade 3 of fourths
them of
Represent the fraction
replacing2/3“of” by the
2/3 using a rectangle
multiplication symbol
divided into 3 equal
either . or x
vertical parts, with 2 of
them shaded
Exercise:
Onethe
Find third of a twelve-
product 3/8 * 5/7
member jury are women.
3/8 * 5/7 = 3*5 ÷ 8*7 =
How many
One third women are
of twelve
15/60 on
the jury?
What isequals
two thirds of
1/3 * 12/1 = 12/3 = 4
five?
2/3 * 5/1 = 2*5 ÷ 3*1 =
10/3
Board Exercise: (5 students)
1/3 * 5/7 = ?
One half of one half
¾*¾=?
3 * 5/8 = ?
½ * 7/8 * 3 = ?
To find the GCF of a set
of numbers:
find the prime
if there are no common
the factorization
GCF is the of each
product
prime factors, the GCF is of
forthe
each common
number;
common prime
prime
1; otherwise
factor, find
determine the
thesmallest
factors with theprime
exponent
exponents that appears
factors common
found into all4
step
the on it
numbers
 If I eat a third of a pizza
In adding, we simply add
for lunch, and another
the numerators with
third for dinner
same denominator
(1/3 + 1/3)
a/c + b/c = (a+b)/c
then I have eaten two
Samethirds
with subtraction
in total
with same denominator
a/c – b/c = (a-b)/c
 for adding any two
fractions, like or unlike:
If I eat one half of a pizza
a/b
for + c/d = and
lunch, (ad + bc)/bd
another
third for dinner
(1/2 + 1/3)
then I have eaten 5/6 in
total
Board Exercise: (10 students)
1/5 + 3/5
2/3 – 5 3/22
11/15 + 13/15 + 8/15
2/513/2
+ 4 3/5 –
– 1/24/5
2/5 + 3/7
11/13 – 2/13 + 8/13
15/16 + 3/8
12 1/7 – 11/7
11/25 + 9/25 – 3/25
 Two non-zero numbers
The quotient of two
are reciprocal
fractions if their
is the product
The reciprocal of the
of the product
dividend is 1
andn the
whole number
reciprocal is
(nonzero) ofthe
thefraction
divisor
The reciprocal
(1/n) of the
fraction (a/b) is the
a/b ÷ c/d = a/b x d/c
fraction (b/a)
*both a & b are nonzero
Exercise:
5/12 ÷ 5/6 = ?
5/12 ÷2 5/6
8/9=÷5/12
1 1/2* 6/5 =
2 8/9 ÷30/60
1 ½ == 26/9
1/2 ÷ 3/2
= 26/9 * 2/3 = 52/27 =
3/7 ÷ 6 = ?
1 25/27
3/7 ÷ 6/1 = 3/7 * 1/6 =
3/42 = 1/14
The digits to the right of
Decimals are mixed
13
the21/1000
3/10 == 1.3
1decimal 13.021
point
numbers in which the
constitute the
proper fractional part
numerator
The number of digits to
13
has21/1000 =13.021
a denominator
the right of the decimal
which is 10, or
13 21/1000 100, or
= 13.021
point is the power of 10
1000, or, more generally,
21 37/100
which = 21.37
constitutes the
a power of 10
denominator
Board Exercise: (12 students)
680.48
4.09 ÷+ 0.21
56.09== ??
68.4 × 23 = ?
58.09 − 32.1 = ?
14.68 ÷ 5 of
The difference = ?20 and
the 14.093
sum of×4.6 and
6.39 = ?0.07
29.997 ÷ 0.01 = ?
100 − 23.441
4.19sum
Find the ÷ 13of= ?64.09,
6 × 0.9 × 0.02 × 0.001
15.3, 4, and 9.09 = ?
To A
A percentdecimal
convert a
is can
percent
a be
fractionto a
in
To convert a percent
converted
fraction
which the to
(or a percent
mixed
denominator
back into a decimal, we
by moving
number), is the
first
100. decimal
convert
simply
The worddivide by 100,
“percent”
point
the two
percent places
to a to the
decimal,
which,
comes as
from we know,
the Latinis
right
then and
express adjoining
the the
decimal
equivalent
phrase to
per moving
centum the
as a % symbol
fraction same
and as
finally,
decimal
meaning point
“out two
of places
100,”
multiplying
reducetothe the decimal
fraction to
and is the
symbolizedleft. by %.
fraction by
lowest terms, if needed100
Board Exercise: (5 students)
Convert 1/40 to a
Convert 50.39
percent to a
percent
Convert 40% to a decimal
Convert 5/12 to a
percent
Convert 14.09 to a
percent
Seatwork
On a test,
Angela Jose
gets a answers
5% raise. 7
8 A
of car
the loses
problems2
Her
A $500 Find
Josh 16%
original
spends
television of 75
salary25
is was
being
5 of its
correctly. value
If over
there a
were
$36,000
of his
sold
period at per
income
ofa 15%year.
years. on What
rent.
discount.
If the is
If
car
24 problems
Sales
heher tax
new
earns in on
New the
salary?
$1250 test,
York
per
WhatFindis
originally the
1/2% sale
sold of price?
248
for $12,
how
State
month, many
is 8 1/4%.
how did
much he
What get
doesis
500, what it
wrong?would it sell
thehave
he sales tax
left
for now? on
over,a shirt
after
pricedhis
paying at $25?
rent?
 Ratio is the quantitative
Ratio
relation is simply
between the
two
Rate is usually expressed
quotient of two
inamounts
per unit showing
form,
Rate is while
a measure,
the
where
numbers,
number a rate
of times is one is
the denominator
quantity, ora frequency, 1
The the
ratio ratio
of of
to two
b
value contains or is(b ≠ 0)
istypically
measurements
the one measured
fraction that
a/b, have
contained within the
against
reduced some
different
toother.
lowest other
units
terms
quantity or measure.
Exercise:

What Ratio
is the
Since of 9 to 18
ratio =of60
1 hour 3 3/4
Manuel gets a five
minutes,to 1the
½ ?ratio of
minute break for every
work time
3 ¾ ÷he1½ to break
= 15/4What time
* 2/3is
=
hour works.
is
the ratio of5/2work time to
55 minutes/5
Ratio minutes
of time?
64 to 4 =
break
11/1
Kinds of proportion:
When Proportion
two is
quantities
Continuous or partitve a are
Direct proportion
statement
so related that twois
proportion isthat an
quantities
when two
ratios
increase quantities
are
in one equal.
cause are
are said to be in a
so related
A proportion
corresponding that an
is a
decrease
continued proportion,
increase
statement
in in
the other, one cause
ofitthe
is form a
when the first is called
to the
corresponding
a/b = c/dincrease
the indirect/inverse
second as the second is
in the
where other
b, and
d ≠ 0.
proportion
to the third, so on
Example
Indirect/inverse
Continuous/partitive
Direct proportion
proportion
proportion
Map Length: 1 cm x
Actual
Make
Mr. sureLength:
that each ratio
Buenavista
Terms/parts 4 was250 cm
has the1,600
3 2 driving
same m
A B at C
Mr.
quantity
Total
Buenavista 9
has a rope
90
60 km/hspeed
centimeters :and:
metersreached
speed = = time Sta.
:
centimeterstime
: Rosa,
meters
which is 90 m long. He needs to
Laguna
1 cm in 10
: 250 minutes.
60/50
m = = n/10
n If he
: 1,600m
divide it* 1,600
4/9 = 1A/90 in60the = =ratio,
* 10 50 * n 4 : 3 : 2.
250
could only drive at 50 km/h,
How3/9 long
=1,600/250
B/90 will=each
600/50 piece be?
=250n/250
50n/50
how long
2/9 = C/90 wouldn n= =he
64 reach the
12 minutes
place?