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Modification of The Independent Variable T

The document discusses various transformations of the independent variable t that are commonly used in signal processing. It describes time reversal, which produces a time-reversed version of the original signal. It describes time scaling, which speeds up or slows down a signal by compressing or stretching it along the time axis. It also describes time shifting, which slides a signal earlier or later in time. It notes that combinations of these transformations can be expressed as x(at+b), where a and b are constants, and describes a general approach for performing such combined transformations by first applying one transformation (e.g. time scaling) and then applying the other (e.g. time shifting).

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Mona Sayed
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20 views

Modification of The Independent Variable T

The document discusses various transformations of the independent variable t that are commonly used in signal processing. It describes time reversal, which produces a time-reversed version of the original signal. It describes time scaling, which speeds up or slows down a signal by compressing or stretching it along the time axis. It also describes time shifting, which slides a signal earlier or later in time. It notes that combinations of these transformations can be expressed as x(at+b), where a and b are constants, and describes a general approach for performing such combined transformations by first applying one transformation (e.g. time scaling) and then applying the other (e.g. time shifting).

Uploaded by

Mona Sayed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Modification of the

independent variable t
Lecture 3
Modification of the
independent variable t
Many simple and important signal processing
operations can be described mathematically by
modifications or transformations of the independent
variable t:
―Time Reversal
―Time Scaling
―Time Shifting
―Combinations
Time Reversal
The modified signal
𝑦 𝑡 = 𝑥(−𝑡)
is the time-reversed version of 𝑥(𝑡), as depicted in Fig.1

Note that 𝑦 1 = 𝑥(−1), 𝑦 6 = 𝑥(−6), etc., for all values


of t.
Time Scaling
The signal
𝑦 𝑡 = 𝑥(𝑎𝑡)
is a time scaled version of the signal x(t), Where a is a real
constant.
 if |a|>1 then y(t) is a time-compressed or speeded-up
version of x(t), as depicted in Fig.2
 If |a|<1 then y(t) is a time-stretched or slowed-down
version of x(t), as depicted in Fig.2
An important special case is the time-scaled impulse
function 𝛿(𝑡Τ𝑎), which is satisfy

Example:

a. 𝜹 𝒕Τ𝟑 = 𝟑𝜹(𝒕)
𝟏
b. 𝜹 𝟐𝒕 = 𝜹(𝒕)
𝟐
Time Shifting
The signal
𝑦 𝑡 = 𝑥(𝑡 − 𝑡0 )
is a time–shifted version of the signal x(t), Where 𝑡0 is a
constant.
 if 𝑡0 > 0, x(t) is shifted to the right by t0 units (delayed in
time), as depicted in Fig.3.
 if 𝑡0 < 0, x(t) is shifted to the left by t0 units (advanced
in time), as depicted in Fig.3.
Combinations
 The three transformations in time are of the general form
x(at+b) where a and b are real constants.
 It is important to develop the facility to perform these
transformations correctly.
 A general approach for transformation of the variable t is as
follows:
𝑦 𝑡 = 𝑥(𝑎𝑡 + 𝑏)
= 𝑥(𝑎 𝑡 + 𝑏Τ𝑎 )

 We can perform the transformation of the form x(at+b) as


follows:
— Step(1): Plot x(at)
— Step(2): Shift x(at) by b/a units to get x(a(t+b/a)).
Example:
Given the signal x(t) as shown in Fig.4
a. Sketch the transformed signal y(t)=x(-2t+6).
b. Sketch the transformed signal w(t)=x(2t+4).
Solution:
a. To sketch y(t) = x(-2t+6) = x(-2(t-3))
 Step(1): Plot x(-2t)

 Step(2): Shift x( -2t) to the right by 3 units to get x(-2(t-3))


Solution:
b. To sketch w(t) = x(2t+4)= x(2(t+2))
 Step(1): Plot x(2t)

 Step(2): Shift x(2t) to the left by 2 units to get x(2(t+2))


• Consider the following signal

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