Performance and Emission

Characteristics of PPCCI Engine

MEMBERS: KEVIN SOLOMON

AAKASH RAM.V
PRAMOD.P
MANOJ KUMAR.P

PROJECT GUIDE: Dr.K.BHASKAR (PROFESSOR & HEAD)

Introduction
 HCCI engine is a form of internal combustion in which well mixed fuel and oxidizer
invariably air are compressed to a point of auto ignition.

 HCCI combines characteristics of conventional gasoline engine and diesel engine

i.e. the homogeneity of gasoline with the combustion via compression of the
charge of the diesel engines.

 HCCI design achieves gasoline engine-like emissions with diesel engine-like

efficiency.

 Due to relatively lean homogeneous mixture both Nox and soot emissions are
reduced.

 Even though it has an advantage of high emission reduction it has certain

challenges such as obtaining homogenous mixture and control of auto ignition.
 The PPCCI mode of operation involves the preparation of a
premixed charge outside the cylinder. A partial amount of the total
fuel supply is injected into the intake manifold where it is mixed with
the intake air and the mixture enters the combustion chamber and
the rest of the fuel is injected as usual.

 The advantage of premixing the charge is that one can achieve

near homogeneity in diesel based engines.

 The premixing of the fuel with the intake air raises the equivalence
ratio of the charge entering, and hence the overall non-
homogeneity is reduced in the combustion chamber.
Objectives

 To find the effect of Biodiesel and Gasohol on PPCCI combustion.

 To find the effect of premixed ratio on PPCCI combustion.

 To find the effect of retarded injection timing on PPCCI combustion.

Fuels Selected
The fuels selected for the study are Gasohol (Premix) & Jatropha
(Main). Stated below are the reasons for their selection.
 JATROPHA( Jatropha curcas)
1. Jatropha seeds are very rich in oil (40%).
2. The oil can be used directly after extracting i.e. it doesn’t need any
type of refining processes.
3. It is economically beneficial even since under proper management
it can grow in dry and marginal non-agricultural lands.
4. This has an economical impact on a national level as it reduces the
nations fossil fuel import bill.
5. It is also beneficial for farmers since apart from the agricultural
sector they could contribute to the automotive sector.
6. The fuel is a carbon neutral indigenous fuel.
 Gasohol (90% Gasoline 10% Ethanol)
1. The lower bandwidth of ethanol blends (E5-E25) is commonly
termed as Gasohol.
2. More than 20 countries around the world have employed gasohol
as an alternate fuel source with the US leading as 10% of the fuel
supplied is gasohol.
3. E10 blend is rated to have 2 to 3 octane numbers higher than
gasoline.
4. Under the right engine conditions a reduction in CO emissions of
about 20% can be achieved.
5. Last year the Indian Government reduced the rate of ethanol from
47 to 39 Rs. per litre.
6. Ethanol can be produced from a variety of feedstocks such as
sugar cane, sunflower, corn and many cellulose wastes.
Experimental Setup
 Crank angle vs Cylinder pressure
80
Cyl pressure(bar)
bio
70 Cyl pressure(bar)
dies
Cylinder pressure (bar)

Cyl pressure(bar)
60
PI10
Cyl pressure(bar)
50 PI20
Cyl pressure(bar)
PI30
40

30

20

10
340 345 350 355 360 365 370 375 380 385 390
Crank Angle in degrees.
 70

60

50
Cylinder Pressure (bar)

40
PI 20

30
PI 20 R19

20
PI 20 R21

10

0
354 359 364 369 374 379 384 389 394
Cranck Angle (θ)
 Rate of Pressure rise.
8
Diesel
7
Bio
Rate of pressure rise (dP/dQ)

6 PI10
PI20
5
PI30
4

0
340 345 350 355 360 365 370
Crank Angle(degrees)
 5

PI 20

4
Rate of pressue rise dP/dQ

PI 20 R19

3
PI 20 R21

0
336 341 346 351 356 361 366
Crank Angle (θ)
 Net Heat Release
80.00

70.00

60.00
Bio
Net Heat Release (dQn/dq)

50.00
Diesel

40.00 PI10

30.00 PI20

20.00 PI30

10.00

0.00
345 350 355 360 365 370 375 380 385 390
Crank Angle (degrees)
 50.00

PI 20
40.00

PI 20 R19

30.00 PI 20 R21
Net Heat Release

20.00

10.00

0.00
345 355 365 375 385 395

-10.00
Crank Angle (θ)
 Opacity.
80
Diesel
70
Jatropha

60 PI 10%
Opacity (% by Vol.)

PI 20%
50
PI 30%
40

30

20

10

0
0 25 50 75 100
Brake power (KW)
 60
PI 20

50
PI 20 R19

40
PI 20 R 21
Opacity (%)

30

20

10

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Brake power (KW)
 Nox Emissions
3000
Diesel
Jatropha
2500
PI 10%
NOx emission (% by Vol.)

PI 20%
2000 PI 30%

1500

1000

500

0
0 25 50 75 100
Brake Power(KW)
 2500

PI 20

2000
PI 20 R19
NOx emissions (% by Vol.)

1500 PI 20 R 21

1000

500

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Brake Power (KW)
 Hydrocarbon Emissions
120
Diesel
Jatropha
100 PI 10%
PI 20%
HC emission (% by Vol.)

80 PI 30%

60

40

20

0
0 25 50 75 100
Brake Power (KW)
 80

PI 20
70

PI 20 R19
60
HC emission (% by Vol.)

PI 20 R 21
50

40

30

20

10

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Brake Power (KW)
Carbon Monoxide Emissions
0.3
Diesel

0.25 Jatropha

PI 10%
CO emission (% by Vol.)

0.2
PI 20%

0.15 PI 30%

0.1

0.05

0
0 25 50 75 100
Brake Power (KW)
 0.25

PI 20

0.2
CO emission (% by Vol.)

PI 20 R19

0.15

PI 20 R 21
0.1

0.05

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Brake Power (KW)
 Brake Thermal Efficiency
35

30
Brake Thermal Effiency (%)

25

20
Diesel

15 Jatropha

PI 10
10
PI 20
5 PI 30

0
0 1.3 2.6 3.9 5.2
Brake Power (KW)
THANK YOU