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Embryonic Development of Chicken

Chicken embryonic development occurs through several key stages: 1. Cleavage and blastulation occur first, forming the blastoderm layers that will become the three germ layers. 2. Gastrulation then forms the ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm through the primitive streak and Hensen's node. 3. Organogenesis follows, with the formation of structures like the neural tube, notochord, somites, heart and blood islands, and optic vesicles. Extraembryonic membranes also develop including the amnion, chorion and allantois which protect the embryo and enable gas exchange.

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Arsh Rizvi
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45 views

Embryonic Development of Chicken

Chicken embryonic development occurs through several key stages: 1. Cleavage and blastulation occur first, forming the blastoderm layers that will become the three germ layers. 2. Gastrulation then forms the ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm through the primitive streak and Hensen's node. 3. Organogenesis follows, with the formation of structures like the neural tube, notochord, somites, heart and blood islands, and optic vesicles. Extraembryonic membranes also develop including the amnion, chorion and allantois which protect the embryo and enable gas exchange.

Uploaded by

Arsh Rizvi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHICKEN EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT

PRESENTED BY:
AMIR MOHAMMAD ARSH(17/IBT/003)
VARNIT CHAUHAN(17/IBT/042)
PARAS SAMANT(17/IBT/024)
CHANDRA RATAN(17/IBT/012)
CHICKEN
• Is a domesticated fowl
• As one of the most common and widespread domestic animals

CLASSIFICATION
• Kingdom: Animalia
• Phylum: Chordata
• Class: Aves
• Order: Galliformes
• Family: Phasianidae
• Subfamily: Phasianinae
• Genus: Gallus
• Species: G. gallus
• Subspecies: G. g. domesticus
GENERAL OVERVIEW
CHICKEN EGG
EGG
A fully formed and newly egg is
large and elliptical with one end
(broader than the other).
TYPE
The egg of chick is telolecithal
( having a large yolk situated at
or near one end)
RELEASE
The egg is released from the
ovary, it takes 24 hours to pass
down the oviduct, before being
laid.
CHICKEN EGG
FERTILIZATION
The fertilization is internal, upper part of the oviduct,
resulting two polar bodies degenerate and disappear.
STRUCTURE OF EGGSHAPE
It is oval in shape
SIZE
3cm wide and 5cm long
SHELL
Made up 95% calcium carbonate, white and porous and
exchange of gases occur, soft and flexible in a freshly –laid
egg but soon become hard and brittle.
MEMBRANE
Two types of membrane, shell membrane and vitelline membrane,
separated at the broad end of the egg to enclose an air space
YOLK MEMBRANE
The layer of yellow yolk is thicker than those of the white yolks. Yolk
contains about 50% water.
Yolk consist of phospholipids, lecithin
• Yellow yolk shows 60% fats and 70% proteins.
• White yolk contains less fat and also less of fat soluble carotene.
CHALAZA
Two end of the egg are some fibrous ,rope like twisted structure
formed during journey of the oviduct
LATEBRA
The central flask shaped area that is enclosed of white yolk is called
latebra.
ALBUMEN
It has two types :
Thick albumen and thin albumen
GERMINAL DISC OR BLASTODIC/ Blastoderm
Nucleus of the egg is surrounded by the negligible amount of yolk
free cytoplasm called germinal disc
DEVELOPMENT OF CHICKEN

CLEAVAGE OR SEGMENTATION
• It starts with the cleavage. It is meroblastic means
confined to small area of blastodisc. Duration it takes
12-16 hours
• First cleavage forms two cells
• Second cleavage occurs after 20 min of first cleavage
four cells formed
• Third cleavage eight cells formed
• Irregular cleavage occurs in four hours at the end
cleavage 256 irregular cells formed
CLEAVAGE OR
SEGMENTATION
BLASTULATION

• After cleavage, blastulation occurs, due


to blastulation following structure
formed
• Sub-germinal cavity: it is similar to
blastocoel
• Area pellucida:
The translucent central area of the
blastoderm. Form the body proper
• Area opaca:
The opaque area of the blastoderm
surrounding the area pellucida.
Help in the formation of extra
embryonic membrane such as yolk
sac.
PROCESS OF GASTRULATION
• Conversion of monoblastic egg into triploloblastic
gastrula.
• Gastrulation involves the formation of ectoderm,
endoderm and mesoderm
• PRIMITIVE STREAK
• It is groove on the surface along the (future)
anterior-posterior axis.
• PRIMITIVE STREAK FORMATION
• The primitive streak is formed from the
posterior marginal region cells .The streak first
becomes visible as the epiblast (ectoderm)
thickens at the posterior pole.
PRIMITIVE STREAK FORMATION 7-8
HOURS AFTER FERTILIZATION

• The epiblast (ectoderm) is separated from the


hypoblast(endoderm) by the blastocoel. The
epiblast will give rise to the three germ layers
the embryo, while the hypoblast will give rise
to extra embryonic structure.
PRIMITIVE STREAK EXTENTION 15-16
HOURS AFTER FERTILIZATION

• The primitive streak extends by convergent extension


from the posterior to anterior pole. A depression form
along the primitive streak called primitive groove.
18Hrs Chick Embryo

• Longitudinally oriented Primitive Streak is more obvious.


• Primitive fold is observable
• Primitive groove is the invagination between primitive fold.
FORMATION OF HENSON’S NODE 19-
22 HOURS AFTER FERTILIZATION
• This bird egg view shows the primitive streak and Henson’s
node .At this stage ingression through the primitive streak
of cells destined (fated) to become endoderm and
mesoderm has begun.
• HENSON’S NODE
• It is formed by cells of presumptive notochord and floor of
neural tube and is located posteriorly.
• Carnial end of the primitive streak is thickened and called
Hensen’s Node, which partially surrounds the depression
called Hensen’s pit.
• A distinct curved line, anterior to the hensen’s pit called
Head fold.
• And between the hensen’s node and head fold is head
process.
FORMATION OF NOTOCHORD
(NOTOGENESIS)
• A narrow strip of blastoderm just in front of
primitive knot, consist of presumptive
notochordal cell responsible for the formation
of notochord.
• Notochord is visible carnial to the Hensen’s
node and in between the neural fold.
• Notochord is rod-like supporting structure.
SOMITES

• Somites are present, they are the blocks of the


mesoderm.
• They appear on either side of the notochord.
• They give rise to the no. of structures,
including skeletal muscle, bone and dermis of
skin.
23Hrs Chick Embryo

• Neural fold fuse dorsally and form neural tube.


FORMATION OF NEURAL TUBE
(NEUROGENESIS)
• In front of the primitive streak lie neural plate
cells. These cells folds roll up and unite mid-
dorsally ,enclosing a neural tube , forming fore
brain , mid and hind brain.
33Hrs Chick Embryo

• Heart , formed on the posterior of brain vesicles, and 2


vitelline veins are entering in the heart from blood islands
that is supplying blood to heart.
• Opticle vesicles are formed that indicates the eye formation
starts. Two opticle vesicles emerge out from brain.
• Heart could be observed near the posterior of hind brain.
Chick Embryo after 40-45 hrs
48hrs Chick embryo

• Viewing from lateral side. TORSION occurs


EXTRA EMBRYONIC MEMBRANE OR FOETAL
MEMBRANE YOLK SAC

ORGANOGENY
Formation of organs is called organogeny.

The chief embryonic food is yolk which is


surrounded by the sac like investing membrane
called yolk sac. Yolk sac is made up of
splanchopluere.
Function:
The function of yolk sac is to protect the yolk keep it
in position, digest and absorb it. Yolk sac serves as a
primary organ of nutrition of embryo.
AMNION :
• It is made up of inner ectoderm,
the space between amnion and
embryo is filled with amniotic
cavity having amniotic fluid.
FUNCTION
• It protect the embryo from
mechanical jerks and prevent its
desiccation.
CHORION:
• It is made up of outer ectoderm
,the cavity between amnion and
chorion is called chorionic cavity
FUNCTION
• Chorion also provides the liquid
medium for the embryo.
ALLANTOISE:
• The bladder like structure is called
allantoise.
72Hrs Chick Embryo

• Great increase in the size of the brain and the head region.
• Limb buds begins to form.
• Olfactory pits appears.
• Sac like allantiose appears which functions as the embryonic lung
proving mechanism of exchanging respiratory gases.
• Somites also increase in no.
ALLANTO- CHORION:
• The mesodermal layers joined the allantoise with chorion
called allanto-chorion , a compound layer is formed
FUNCTION
• It serves as Respiratory organ , Excretory organ, Nutritional
organ
96Hrs Chick embryo

• Wing buds appears anteriorly, while leg buds appears


posteriorly.
• Cerebral hemisphere formed.
• Heart form the heart chambers e.g., atrium and ventricles.
THANK YOU

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