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Antidiuretic Hormone: Muhammad Wajid Assistant Professor

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH), also known as vasopressin, is secreted by the posterior pituitary gland in response to decreased water levels. It acts on the kidneys to increase water absorption and conservation. Specifically, ADH binds to receptors on kidney cells, activating a signaling cascade that results in aquaporins being inserted into cell membranes. This allows more water to enter the cells and be reabsorbed from urine into the bloodstream. Disorders of ADH include diabetes insipidus, characterized by excessive urine production and thirst. Oxytocin, structurally similar to ADH, acts in childbirth and lactation by stimulating uterine contractions and milk ejection from the breast.

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Ahmed Imran
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40 views

Antidiuretic Hormone: Muhammad Wajid Assistant Professor

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH), also known as vasopressin, is secreted by the posterior pituitary gland in response to decreased water levels. It acts on the kidneys to increase water absorption and conservation. Specifically, ADH binds to receptors on kidney cells, activating a signaling cascade that results in aquaporins being inserted into cell membranes. This allows more water to enter the cells and be reabsorbed from urine into the bloodstream. Disorders of ADH include diabetes insipidus, characterized by excessive urine production and thirst. Oxytocin, structurally similar to ADH, acts in childbirth and lactation by stimulating uterine contractions and milk ejection from the breast.

Uploaded by

Ahmed Imran
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE

Muhammad Wajid
Assistant Professor
Antidiuretic Hormone:
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 Vasopressin

 Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

 Arginine vasopressin

 Argipressin

Muhammad Wajid
Conti…
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 Secreted from the posterior pituitary gland

 The hypothalamus sends signals to the pituitary


gland to secrete the hormone

 Once hormone is secreted it goes to the kidney


to put its purpose into effect

Muhammad Wajid
Chemistry:
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 9 amino acid structure sequence


 Peptide based hormone
o Hydrophilic – will not go into the cell

o Binds with the receptor on the cell’s surface

o Six of the amino acids form a ring structure, joined by


disulfide bonds

Muhammad Wajid
MOA:
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 Vasopressin is released and binds to cell membrane


at receptor
 Binding results in ATP breaking down to cAMP
o cAMP is the second messenger

o cAMP activates PKA which synthesizes aquaporin

o Aquaporins bind in the membrane and let H20 into


the cell
 Does not directly communicate with nucleus
 Indirectly communicates with cytoplasm and cell
membrane. Muhammad Wajid
Positive or Negative Feedback:
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Muhammad Wajid
Conti…..
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 Decreased water levels in body resulting in more


ADH production- increased thirst- will increase the
amount of aquaporins being added in increased as
well (to reabsorb more water into the kidney)

 Increased water levels result in a reduced ADH


production telling the kidney to reabsorb less water

Muhammad Wajid
Function of ADH:
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Action on Kidney:
 It increases the permeability of the collecting
tubules and ducts to water

 Increases water absorption from the lumen of the


collecting tubules and ducts

 It conserve water in the body, so less water passes


in the urine

Muhammad Wajid
Action on vascular Smooth muscle:
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 ADH can also raise blood pressure by bringing about


constriction of arterioles

 For this reason ADH is also referred to as


Vasopressin

 This action of ADH is noted if there is severe loss of


blood volume due to hemorrhage

Muhammad Wajid
Homeostasis:
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 It plays a key role in homeostasis, by the regulation


of
o Water

o glucose

o salts in the blood

Muhammad Wajid
Other actions:
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 It causes contraction of all smooth muscles in the


body such as the
o GIT

o bile duct

o uterus

Muhammad Wajid
Disorders related to ADH:
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Diabetes inspidus:
 This is a syndrome characterized by passage of large
volume of dilute urine due to the absence of ADH
Causes:
 This occur when the supraoptic hypophysial system

fails to secrete ADH. It may be due to


o Lesion of the supra optic nuclei

Muhammad Wajid
Conti…..
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o Inflammation as in encephalitis, basal meningitis and


syphilis result in the destruction of part of the
hypothalamus

o Tumors of the hypothalamus

Muhammad Wajid
Characteristics:
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 Polyuria: 6-8 liters of urine is produced per day


because of decreased ADH secretion
 Polydipsia: Increase thirst

Treatment:
 It may be treated by injecting ADH suspended in
oil

Muhammad Wajid
Oxytocin:
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 Oxytocin is produced by the paraventricular nuclei of


the hypothalamus

 They are released into the axons and travel down to


the posterior pituitary gland, where they are stored
in secretary vesicles

 Oxytocin is nonapeptide (its structure


contains nine amino acids) hormone

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Conti…
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 The amino acids sequence of the oxytocin is similar


to the ADH only difference is being a pair of amino
acids at position two and eight

 Oxytocin contain Isoleucine and leucine at position


three and eight while ADH contains phenylalanine
and arginine at the same position

Muhammad Wajid
Function:
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 Oxytocin causes the contraction of pregnant


uterus (smooth muscles) and induces labour

 ln mammals, oxytocin causes contraction of


myoepithelial cells (look like smooth muscle cells)
of breast

 This stimulates the squeezing effect, causing milk


ejection from the breast
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Conti…
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 Oxytocin synthesized in the ovary appears to


inhibit the synthesis of steroids
 Responsible for uterine contractions during labour

 Critical for milk ejection

 Oxytocin release in new fathers assists bonding with


baby

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Conti…
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 Anti stress hormone, reduces blood pressure

Muhammad Wajid
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Dr.Muhammad Jameel 9/23/2019

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