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Function of Thyroid Hormone: Muhammad Wajid Institute of Pharmacy

Thyroid hormone affects many body processes including metabolism, growth and development. It increases the breakdown of fats and carbohydrates, promotes protein synthesis, and raises the basal metabolic rate. Thyroid hormone also increases heart rate and cardiac output, stimulates oxygen consumption, and boosts the absorption of nutrients and secretion of digestive juices. Proper thyroid function is essential for normal reproduction, development, and other physiological processes throughout the body.

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Ahmed Imran
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85 views

Function of Thyroid Hormone: Muhammad Wajid Institute of Pharmacy

Thyroid hormone affects many body processes including metabolism, growth and development. It increases the breakdown of fats and carbohydrates, promotes protein synthesis, and raises the basal metabolic rate. Thyroid hormone also increases heart rate and cardiac output, stimulates oxygen consumption, and boosts the absorption of nutrients and secretion of digestive juices. Proper thyroid function is essential for normal reproduction, development, and other physiological processes throughout the body.

Uploaded by

Ahmed Imran
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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FUNCTION OF THYROID HORMONE

Muhammad Wajid
Institute of Pharmacy
Effect on lipid metabolism:
2

 Increases mobilization of fatty acids from their


sources

 Increases the oxidation of free fatty acids

 Decreases phospholipids, triglycerides and cholesterol


in the blood

Muhammad Wajid
Effect on carbohydrates metabolism:
3

 Increases absorption of glucose from GIT

 Increases peripheral utilization of glucose

 Increase insulin secretion

 Increases glycolysis in the liver

 Increases gluconeogenesis

 Increases uptake of glucose by the cells


Muhammad Wajid
Effect on Protein metabolism:
4

 Increases protein synthesis by increasing the


translation process in ribosomes and transcription
process in the nucleus

 Normal of T3 and T4 have a protein anabolic effect,


but large amount of T3 and T4 have protein catabolic
effect

 Produces negative nitrogen balance in the body


Muhammad Wajid
Effect on water and mineral:
5

 Promotes demineralization of bones

 Increases excretion of calcium and phosphates in the


urine

 Causes diuresis

 Increase K+ excretion

Muhammad Wajid
Effect on Vitamin Metabolism:
6

 T4 is necessary for the synthesis of Vitamin A from β-


carotene

 In hypothyroidism, blood β-carotene level increases to


give a yellow color to the skin

 It does not give yellow color to the sclera

Muhammad Wajid
Effects on CNS:
7

 Hyperthyroidism is likely to develop anxiety,


nervousness and difficulty in sleeping

 In children, hypothyroidism may cause mental


retardation while in adults causes somnolence

Muhammad Wajid
Effects on CVS:
8

 Increase heart rate


 Increase venous return
 Increase cardiac output
 A slight increase in T3 and T4 increases the strength
of heart beat. However an excessive increase in T3
and T4 will decrease the strength of a heart beat.
 Increases blood volume due to vasodilation
 Increases pulse pressure

Muhammad Wajid
Effect on Respiration:
9

 Causes increased utilization of O2 and formation of


CO2

 Increase pulmonary ventilation

 Increase the rate of depth of ventilation

Muhammad Wajid
Effect on GIT:
10

 Increase the rate of absorption

 Increase appetite

 Increase food intake

 Increase secretion of digestive juices

 Increase the motility of GIT

 Causes diarrhoea
Muhammad Wajid
Effect on Reproductive System:
11

 Essential for normal reproduction

 Fertility is reduced due to hypoactivity of the


hormone

 Hypothyroidism may cause decrease in libido in males


as well as females

 Necessary for normal lactation


Muhammad Wajid
Effect on mitochondria:
12

 Increases the number and size of mitochondria

 Increases the activity of mitochondria

 Increases the ATP formation

 Increases intracellular enzymes such as the oxidative


enzymes of mitochondria, due to increase in protein
synthesis
Muhammad Wajid
Effect on Muscles:
13

 A muscle weakness occurs in most patients with


hyperthyroidism called thyrotoxic myopathy

 When the hyperthyroidism is severe and prolonged,


the myopathy may be severe

 Hypothyroidism is also associated with muscle


weakness, cramps and stiffness

Muhammad Wajid
14

Muhammad Wajid

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