Group 7

Group Assignment
Electrical Installation
What are NYA, NYM, NYY, NYAF,
NYFGbY, NAVY ?
 NYA Cable

N = copper core cable, Y = PVC insulation, A = single cable

NYA cable is a single copper cable with a veiled

isolator made from PVC. In general, these cables are often
used in residential electrical installations and power
systems.
 NYM Cable

1. Multicores
2. PVC Isolation
3. PVC inside sheath
4. PVC outer sheath

N = copper cable, Y = PVC insulation, M = More than one cable core

This means that NYM cable is a cable that has more than one
conductor or copper with a PVC insulated veil. NYM cables are often used
specifically for fixed installations of buildings, where the placement is
usually outside / inside walls.
 NYY Cable

N = copper core cable, Y = PVC insulation, Y = PVC insulation outer sheath

NYY cable is a cable that has more than one copper core with PVC insulation and
PVC outer covering. NYY cable is arguably an improvement from NYA and NYM
cables. This cable is suitable for electrical installations such as underground or
other outdoor facilities, but must be given special protection such as pipes.
 NYAF Cable

N = copper core cable, Y = PVC insulation,

A = single cable, F = Fine wire conductor (fibers

NYAF cable construction is almost similar to the NYA cable, both have a
single core with a single layer of PVC insulators. The difference is NYAF cable has a
copper core that uses a type of fiber. NYAF cables are often used for panel
installations that require high flexibility, such as areas that have many sharp turns
or bends.
 NYGBF Cable

N: Copper core cable, Y: PVC insulation, F : flat steel wire protectors,

Gb : wrapped around a steel plate, Y: PVC insulation

NYRGBY / NYFGBY cables are used for fixed electrical installations in

directly planted soil without the need for additional protection because of
the already very strong durability. Unless planted under a highway,
additional PVC protection is needed.
 NAYY Cable

N: Copper core cable, A: Aluminum conductor, Y : PVC sheath insulation

Distribution power cable for static

outdoor application (with protection
against direct UV-irradiation), in ground,
in water, within facilities, in cable
canals, in concrete, in conditions where
heavier mechanical loads and specially
tensile strains, are not expected. Used
in industrial plants, metropolitan
networks and in other electric plants
What is the purpose of SPLN
and LMK to cable ?
 SPLN (PLN Standart) is a standart regulation for
electrical product. In Indonesia, electrical equipment is
tested by an institution of the National Electricity Company,
namely the Institution of Electricity Problems abbreviated as
LMK.
The Institution of Energy Problems (LMK) under the
auspices of the Department of Public Works and Electric
Power (PUTL), with the main task in the field of RDE
(Research, Development & Engineering Services) as
electricity in electricity assistance projects that are quite
reliable, affordable prices, and quality high.

Electrical equipment whose quality is monitored by

LMK and removed, is permitted to wear the LMK mark. Each
type of cable has its own meaning in accordance with its
function
Equipment that has been tested by LMK is marked
Below are examples of cables that comply with the
standard:
 How to choose a cable ?
– type and cross section area ?
 Formula for Calculating Needs of Single Phase Cable Cross-
sectional Areas:
I = P / (E x Cos Phi)

 Formula for Calculating Needs of Three Phase Cable Cross-

sectional Areas:
I = P / (√3 x E x Cos Phi)
Where:
I = Electric current load in Amperes
P = Load required in Watts
E = Voltage between phases in Volt

Cos Phi = Power Factor

WIRING COLOR CODES
Single Phase and Three Phase
of Electrical Installation
Single Phase Supply
In the field of electrical, single phase supply is the delivery of AC power by a
system in which all the supply voltages change in simultaneously. This type of
power supply sharing is used when the loads (home appliances) ate generally heat
and lighting with some huge electric motors. When a single phase supply is
connected to an AC motor doesn’t generate a rotating magnetic field, single phase
motors require extra circuits for working, but such electric motors are rare over in
rating of 10 kW. In every cycle, a single phase system voltage achieves a peak-value
two times; the direct power is not stable.

Single Phase Supply Applications

•This power supply is applicable for homes as well as businesses.
•Used to supply plenty of power for homes, as well as nonindustrial businesses.
•This power supply is sufficient to run the motors up to about 5 horsepower (hp)
Three Phase Supply
The three-phase power supply includes four wires such as one neutral as well as
three conductors. The three conductors are away from phase & space 120º distant
from each other. Three phase power supplies are utilized as a single-phase AC
power supply. For the small load, 1-phase AC power supply, as well as neutral, can
be chosen from the 3-phase AC power supply system. This supply is constant and
not at all totally falls to zero. The power of this system can be illustrated in two
configurations namely star or delta connection. The connection of star
configuration is used in long-distance communication as it includes a neutral cable
to the error current.

Three Phase Supply Applications

•These types of supplies are used in power grids, mobile towers, data centers,
aircraft, shipboard, unmanned systems, as well as other electronic loads larger
than 1000 watts.
•It is applicable to industrial, manufacturing, and large businesses.
•These are used in power-hungry and high-density data centers.
Key Differences between Single Phase and Three Phase Supplies
• The definition of the single-phase power supply is, the power supplies through a
single conductor
• The definition of the three-phase power supply is, the power flows through three
conductors.
• The single-phase power supply has one distinct wave cycle whereas; three phase
has three distinct wave cycles.
• Single phase requires the single wire to connect the circuit whereas; 3-phase
needs 3-wires.
• The voltage of the single phase is 230V, whereas three phase voltage is 415V.
• The phase name of the single phase is split phase, whereas three phase has no
other name.
• The capacity of power transfer in the single phase is minimum, whereas three
phase has the maximum.
• The connection of single phase is simple whereas in 3-phase is complicated.
• The power failure happens in a single phase, but not occurs in three phase.
• The loss in single phase is maximum whereas in three phase is minimum.
• The single-phase efficiency is less whereas in three phase is high.
• The single-phase is inexpensive whereas the 3-phase is expensive.
• The single-phase AC power supply is utilized for home appliances and three phase
power supply is used in huge industries to run heavy loads.
How is current carrying capacity calculated?
 By choosing an ambient temperature as a
base for the surroundings, a permissible
temperature rise is available from which a
maximum cable rating can be calculated for a
particular environment. If the thermal
resistivity values are known for the layers of
materials in the cable construction then the
current ratings can be calculated.
The formula for calculating current carrying capacity is:

I = permissible current rating

∆Φ = Conductor temperature rise in (K)
R = Alternating current resistance per unit length of the conductor
at maximum operating temperature (Ω/m)
Wd = dielectric loss per unit length for the insulation surrounding the conductor
(W/m)
T1 = Thermal resistance per unit length between one conductor and the sheath (K
m/W)
T2 = thermal resistance per unit length of the bedding between sheath and the armour
(K m/W)
T3 = thermal resistance per unit length of the external Sheath of the cable (K m/W)
T4 = thermal resistance per unit length between the cable surface and the surrounding
medium (K m/W)
n = number of load-carrying conductors in the cable (conductors of equal size and
carrying the same load)
λ1 = Ratio of losses in the metal sheath to total losses in all conductors in that cable
λ2 = ratio of losses in the armouring to total losses in all conductors in that cable.
CABLE CATALOG