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Describe The Similarities and Differences Between Oxidative Phosphorylation in Mitochondria and Photophosphorylation in Chloroplasts

Oxidative phosphorylation and photophosphorylation both use electron transport chains to generate ATP, but they differ in location, energy source, and end products. In oxidative phosphorylation, electrons from nutrients are transferred through mitochondrial protein complexes using oxygen to power ATP production from ADP. In photophosphorylation, chloroplast protein complexes use sunlight energy to transfer electrons and pump protons, powering ATP production from ADP for carbon fixation. ATP and NADPH provide energy and electrons for the Calvin cycle to reduce CO2 into sugars in chloroplasts. Photorespiration consumes oxygen, carbon dioxide, and ATP instead of fixing carbon, reducing photosynthesis efficiency especially on hot dry days.

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65 views

Describe The Similarities and Differences Between Oxidative Phosphorylation in Mitochondria and Photophosphorylation in Chloroplasts

Oxidative phosphorylation and photophosphorylation both use electron transport chains to generate ATP, but they differ in location, energy source, and end products. In oxidative phosphorylation, electrons from nutrients are transferred through mitochondrial protein complexes using oxygen to power ATP production from ADP. In photophosphorylation, chloroplast protein complexes use sunlight energy to transfer electrons and pump protons, powering ATP production from ADP for carbon fixation. ATP and NADPH provide energy and electrons for the Calvin cycle to reduce CO2 into sugars in chloroplasts. Photorespiration consumes oxygen, carbon dioxide, and ATP instead of fixing carbon, reducing photosynthesis efficiency especially on hot dry days.

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Hồng Nhung
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© © All Rights Reserved
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You are on page 1/ 9

1.

Describe the similarities and differences


between oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria
and photophosphorylation in
chloroplasts

1
OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION

the process by which electrons from


NADH and FADH2 are transferred
to O2 molecules through a series of
electron carriers/protein complexes
in order to generate ATP from ADP
for the cell’s energetic needs

2
PHOTOPHOSPHORYLATION
In the process of photosynthesis, the phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP using the
energy of sunlight is called photophosphorylation

3
The similarities :
Oxidative Phosphorylation and Photophosphorylation

• Both photophosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation are


processes cells use to make energy in the form of ATP.
• in both cases electrons are transferred through a series of
membrane proteins
• the electrons provide energy to pump protons (H+) to one side
of the membrane
• the protons flow back through a special enzyme (ATP-synthase)
which makes ATP

4
OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION PHOTOPHOSPHORYLATION
The differences :
Oxidative Phosphorylation and Photophosphorylation:
Occurs during respiration Occurs during photosynthesis

Inside mitochondria Inside chloroplast


ATP is produced from ADP and inorganic Sunlight is the external energy source for
phosphate by utilizing energy released during photophosphorylation
electron transport.

Molecular O2 is required for terminal oxidation. Molecular O2 is not required for


photophosphorylation.
ATP molecules produced are released into the ATP molecules produced are used to fix CO2 to
cytoplasm and these energy molecules are used carbohydrates in dark reaction.
to carry out various metabolic reactions of the
cell.
2. Describe the role of ATP and NADPH in the
Calvin cycle. Describe the major consequences
of photorespiration

6
The role of ATP and NADH
• convert CO2 into sugar • NADH
• ATP • A carrier of hydrogen combined with the
intermediate compounds in synthesis of C6
• Providing chemical energy for energy- sugars.
consuming reactions that make C6 sugars in
• The reducing agent that adds high-energy
the Calvin cycle
electrons to form sugar.

7
Calvin Cycle
 The chemical reactions
that convert carbon
dioxide and other
compounds into glucose.
 Occuring in the stroma.
 Using ATP and NADH to
reduce carbon dioxide to
sugar.

8
Major consequences of photorespiration

• Photorespiration is a metabolic
pathway that consumes O2, evolves
C02
• It generates no ATP, it consumes ATP.
It produces no sugar. It counteracts
what normal plants do.
• Fostered on hot dry bright days
(close stomata)
• In the desert, some species have
evolved alternate modes of carbon
fixation that minimize
photorespiration (C4 and CAM)
9

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