0% found this document useful (0 votes)
108 views

The Relationship Between Sedimentary Environmental and Sedimentary Facies

The document discusses sedimentary environments and sedimentary facies. It explains that sedimentary environments are places where sedimentation processes influenced by physical, chemical, and biological factors occur over time. Sedimentary facies refer to the geometry and properties of sediment deposits, which are responses to sedimentary environmental processes like waves, currents, sea level changes, and biological activity. The relationship between sedimentary environments and sedimentary facies is illustrated using a process-response model.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
0% found this document useful (0 votes)
108 views

The Relationship Between Sedimentary Environmental and Sedimentary Facies

The document discusses sedimentary environments and sedimentary facies. It explains that sedimentary environments are places where sedimentation processes influenced by physical, chemical, and biological factors occur over time. Sedimentary facies refer to the geometry and properties of sediment deposits, which are responses to sedimentary environmental processes like waves, currents, sea level changes, and biological activity. The relationship between sedimentary environments and sedimentary facies is illustrated using a process-response model.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 59

LINGKUNGAN PENGENDAPAN

adalah : suatu tempat dimana terdapat proses


sedimentasi yg dipengaruhi oleh faktor-faktor fisik, kimiaw
dan biologi dari tempat tersebut, pada suatu waktu
tertentu

The relationship between sedimentary


environmental and sedimentary facies
Cause Effect
(sebab) (akibat)
Proses - Geometri
- Erosional - Lithology
- Fisis
Sedimentary - Non deposi- - Sedimentary
- Khemis
environment tional structure
- Biologi
- Depositional - Peleo curents
- Fosils
Sumber : (Selley, 1970)
* The basic approach to finding net
how a sediments was deposited

OBSERVASI INTERPRETASI PREDICT

- Geometry Sedimentary - Location


- Lithology environments - Geometry
- Fosils and paleo - Trend of
- Sedimentary geography economis
structure - Materials
- Peleocurrents

Compare with
recent sediments
The relationship between sedimentary env. & sedimentary fasies
(Process –response model illustrating)
Dynamic elements of the env. Geometry of the dynamic
 Physical process : wave &  Geometry of the deposit
current activity, gravity process,  Primary sediment properties
sea-level changes, tectonism &
volcanism - Physical : bedding & contact
relationship, sedimentary
 Chemical process : solution,
textures & structures,
precipitation, authigenesis
particle composition
 Biological process : biochemical
precipitation,, biological
- Chemical : major elemen &
reworking sediment, trace element composition
photosythesis - Biological : fossils contens
ype & abundance of fossils
Static elements of the env.
 Geomorph. of the depositional Derived sediment properties
site  Porosity & permeability
 Water depth  Electrical conductivity
 Sediment supply  Radioactivity
 Climate
SEDIMENTARY ENVIRONMENT SEDIMENTARY FACIES
SEDIMEN TRANSPORT
DAN ENVIRONMENT
MEDIA TRANSPORT DAN
LINGKUNGAN PENGENDAPAN
 HASIL PELAPUKAN DAPAT :
a. Tetap ditempatnya semula (residual deposit)
b. Ditransport ketempat lain (placer deposit)
 MEDIA TRANSPORT TERDIRI ATAS :
a. Gaya gravitasi
b. Angin
c. Es
d. Air
 LINGKUNGAN PENGENDAPAN :
a. Darat (padangpasir, sungai, danau, rawa)
b. Transisi (estuarine, delta, pantai, lagoon)
c. Laut (neritik, batyal, abyssal, hadal )
Tubuhtanah (soil): Hasil pelapukan yang tetap ditempat
MEDIA TRANSPORT
OLEH GAYA GRAVITASI
KLASIFIKASI
LERENG
NO SATUAN RELIEF SUDUT LERENG (%) BEDA TINGGI (M)

1 Flat/almost flat topography 0-2 <5


2 Undulating/gently sloping
topography 3–7 5 – 50

3 Undulating-rolling/sloping 8 – 13 25 – 75
4 Rolling-hilly moderately 14 – 20 50 – 200
5 Hilli-steeply disected/steep 21 – 55 200 – 500
6 Steeply disected-nountainous
very steep 56 – 140 500 – 1000

7 Mountainous/ekstremly steep > 140 > 1000


KLASIFIKASI LONGSOR
(modifikasi dari EPOCH, 1993)
Tipe Gerakan Batuan Debris Tanah
Jatuhan fall Jatuhan batu Jatuhan debris Jatuhan tanah
Rubuh topple Rubuhan Rubuhan tanah
-
batuan
Gelincir slide Slump 
? -
(rotasi) Longsor
Gelincir slide Gelinciran Gelinciran tanah
(translasi) batu block - slab slide
slide
Gelincir slide Rock slide Debris slide mudslide
planar
Lateral Rock Soil spreading
Debris spread
spreading spreading
Alir flow Aliran debris Aliran tanah
Aliran batu (banjir
bandang; lahar)
Kompleks Rock Slump earth flow
Flow slide
avalanche
KETEBALAN LAPISAN BATUAN SEDIMEN
(Pangluar & Nugroho, 1980)

No Tebal (mm) Istilah


1 < 60 Berlapis sangat tipis
2 60 – 200 Berlapis tipis
3 200 – 600 Berlapis sedang
4 600 – 2000 Berlapis sedang
5 > 2000 Berlapis sangat tebal
Gerakan tanah atau Longsor
Gerakan tanah atau Longsor
Lonsoran (landslide), gerakannya nampak mata, material relatif kering
Lonsoran (landslide), gerakannya nampak mata, material relatif
Lonsoran (landslide), gerakannya nampak mata, material relatif kering
Lonsoran (landslide), gerakannya nampak mata, material relatif
Lonsoran (landslide), gerakannya nampak mata, material relatif kering
FLUVIAL
TRANSPORTATION
Aliran cepat (rapid flow), biasanya melewati saluran, material
berupa lempung, tanah, puing batuan yang jenuh air.
Aliran cepat (rapid flow), biasanya melewati saluran, material
berupa lempung, tanah, puing batuan yang jenuh air.
Aliran cepat (rapid flow), biasanya melewati saluran, material berupa
lempung, tanah, puing batuan yang jenuh air.
Aliran cepat (rapid flow), biasanya melewati saluran, material berupa
lempung, tanah, puing batuan yang jenuh air.
MEDIA TRANSPORT - ANGIN
Arus yang disebabkan oleh angin
Sand dunes : Hasil transportasi angin
Sand dunes pada daerah yang beriklim kering
MEDIA TRANSPORT - ES
Continental - Glacial
MEDIA TRANSPORT - AIR
TRANSPORT SEDIMEN OLEH AIR
CARA SEDIMEN DITRANSPORT :
 SECARA MEKANIS
 SECARA KOLOID
 SECARA LARUTAN KIMIA

ARUS PEMBAWA SEDIMEN :


 SISTEM ARUS TRAKSI DAN SUSPENSI
 SISTEM ARUS PEKAT/DENSITY CURRENT
 SISTEM LARUTAN
Arus oleh media transport air
GERAKAN BUTIRAN DI DASAR
(BEDLOAD SYSTEM)

 MENGGELINDING (ROLLING)

 MENGGESER/MELUNCUR (SLIDING)

 MELONCAT / SALTASI (SALTATION)


Gerakan butiran di dasar (bedload system)
TEMPAT PENGENDAPAN SEDIMEN
 Sedimen yang ditransport oleh air pada
akhirnya diendapkan kedalam cekungan
 Cekungan (basin) adalah suatu depresi
dimana terjadi pengendapan sedimen yang
berasal dari tinggian disekitarnya. Cekungan
dapat mempunyai bentuk seperti amphiteater,
membundar, memanjang atau bentuk lainnya.
 Antara dua cekungan yang berdampingan
dibatasi oleh tinggian (high)
 Basement (batuan dasar) adalah batuan yang
mendasari suatu cekungan
PENGISIAN CEKUNGAN
Cekungan akan terisi oleh berbagai
macam bahan :
 Sedimen yang berasal dari pelapukan mekanis
batuan dengan berbagai macam ukuran
 Larutan dari berbagai macam unsur kimia
yang berasal dari pelapukan kimia
 Organisme mikro maupun makro baik berasal
dari binatang maupun tumbuhan yang
terdapat dalam cekungan tersebut
ZONA BATHYMETRI
STRUKTUR SEDIMEN
 Struktur sedimen adalah bentuk-bentuk struktur
dalam batuan sedimen yang terjadi karena proses pada
saat / tidak lama setelah sedimentasi berlangsung
 Terdapat dua macam struktur sedimen yaitu struktur
sedimen primer & struktur sedimen sekunder
 Struktur sedimen primer terjadi bersamaan dengan
proses sedimentasi. Contoh: paralel laminasi, silang-
siur (cross bedding), perlapisan bersusun (graded
bedding)
 Struktur sedimen sekunder terjadi tidak lama setelah
proses sedimentasi atau pada waktu terjadi diagenesa.
Contoh: bioturbasi, slumping dsb.
Struktur sedimen primer : paralel laminasi
Struktur sedimen primer : paralel laminasi
Struktur sedimen primer : lapisan silang-siur (cross-bedding)
Struktur sedimen sekunder: acakan binatang (Bioturbasi)
Struktur sedimen sekunder: Acakan binatang (Bioturbasi)
Struktur sedimen sekunder: Acakan binatang (Bioturbasi)
SEDIMENTASI
Facies

 (AGI, 1999)
Facies
 Facies: Contacts

 (Boggs, p. 464)
Facies
Lateral Contacts


 (Boggs, p. 453)
 Facies: Contacts
intercalated

Vertical Contacts

gradual

 gradational

abrupt

 intertonguing

 pinchout
SIESMIC FACIES
SIESMIC FACIES
FASIES
FASIES
The relationship between sedimentary env. & sedimentary fasies
(Process –response model illustrating)
Dynamic elements of the env. Geomety of the dynamic
 Physical process : wave &current  Geometry of the deposit
activity, gravity process, sea-level  Primary sediment properties
changes, teconism & volcanism - Physical : bedding & contact
 Chemical process : solution, relationship, sedimentary
precipitation, authigenesis textures & structures, particle
 Biological process : biochemical composition
precipitation,, biological reworking - Chemical : major elemen & trace
sediment, photosythesis element composition
- Biological : fossils contens type &
Static elements of the env. abundance of fossils
 Geomorph. of the depositional site
 Water depth Derived sediment properties
 Sediment supply  Porosity & permeability
 Climate  Electrical conductivity
 Radioactivity
SEDIMENTARY ENVIRONMENT
SEDIMENTARY FACIES

You might also like