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The French Revolution

The French Revolution overthrew the French monarchy and established a republic. The Third Estate, made up of commoners, grew resentful of the unequal privileges enjoyed by the First and Second Estates (clergy and nobility). This led to the storming of the Bastille prison and the abolition of feudalism. A series of revolutionary governments established democratic reforms but struggled with internal conflicts and wars with other European nations. Napoleon later crowned himself emperor but was eventually defeated at the Battle of Waterloo.

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Miron Palaveršić
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1K views43 pages

The French Revolution

The French Revolution overthrew the French monarchy and established a republic. The Third Estate, made up of commoners, grew resentful of the unequal privileges enjoyed by the First and Second Estates (clergy and nobility). This led to the storming of the Bastille prison and the abolition of feudalism. A series of revolutionary governments established democratic reforms but struggled with internal conflicts and wars with other European nations. Napoleon later crowned himself emperor but was eventually defeated at the Battle of Waterloo.

Uploaded by

Miron Palaveršić
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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THE FRENCH REVOLUTION

• First Estate: The church,


own 65% land & tax
exempt (.5% of pop)

Second Estate: Nobles who


hold govt & military
postions. Own 25% of land.
Tax exempt.
(1.5% of pop)
Third Estate: 98% of pop,
pay all taxes, own no
land
Includes peasants &
Bourgeoisie –who were
middle class (drs
Merchants, lawyers,
writers
upset w/ nobles)
•Many problems:
Bad harvests, rising
food prices, lack of
food & clothes, little
manufacturing, govt
spending money on
wars, luxuries.
•Louis XVI
meets w/
Estates General
(a gathering of
representatives
from all three
estates) to
raise taxes.
• Each estate
gets ONE vote
so 3rd asks for a
vote from each
person.
• 3rd wants to get
rid of tax
exempt.
• King says no &
locks palaces so
3rd cant meet.
• 3rd Estate
meets
6/17/1789 &
calls itself
National
Assembly
• Swear TENNIS
COURT OATH
to write new Fr
constitution
• July 14th, 1789 mob storms
Bastille, (prison in Paris)
after Louis XVI uses troops
against National Assembly.
National Assembly met
on Aug. 4th, 1789 &
abolish rights of
landlords, Church
tithes & tax
exemptions (after rebellions
broke out)
•Aug 26, 1789, adopt
Declaration of the Rights
of Man which gave basic
liberties for MEN such as:
equal rights, freedom of
press, speech & no tax
exempt. (enlightenment
ideas)
• Louis XVI says
no.
• Armed women
march & force
family to Paris
to accept
Declaration of
Man & National
Assembly
• New constitution
written 1791
• Creates
Legislative
Assembly &
limited king
• Men who paid
certain amt in
taxes could vote
(2/3 of pop).
•Lower classes say no b/c
they can’t vote
•King flees & is caught.
•Aus & Prussia want Louis
back in power, so Leg
Assembly declare
war (big losses).
• 1792 radical groups
called COMMUNES
organize to protest new
Constitution
• Paris Commune gets
king & forces Legislative
Assembly to call for
National Convention (a
meeting) where all can
vote (universal suffrage)
• Communes
called
themselves the
SANS-
COULOTTES
(had no fine
clothes, wore
pants & were
mostly poor
working class)
• At National
Convention,
New Minister of
Justice,
Georges
Danton is
created to go
after royal
supporters.
• 1000s
murdered.
• DO NOT WRITE!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
• Sept 1792: National
Convention is ruling body.
• Mostly lawyers & property
owners who distrust king.
• Spilt into 2 groups over what
to do w/ king.
• Both part of JACOBINS- a
network of political groups.
GIRONDINS- keep king alive.
MOUNTAIN- Kill king
• King guillotined 1793
• Other nations go to war
against France (Aus, Pru, SP,
Br, Port, Rus).
• DON’T
WRITE!
•Also killed
Louis’ wife,
Marie
Antoinette.
• Famous for her excess
& for saying “let them
eat cake”
• Nat Convention gives the
COMMITTEE ON PUBLIC
SAFETY broad powers to
do anything & protect
France from enemies of the
Revolution

• Prosecuted enemies of rev


& 40,000 die, 16,000 by
guillotine alone)
• MAXIMILLAIN
ROBESPIERRE
ran the CPS w/
Danton (1793-
94)
•Time
period
was
called the
Reign of
Terror
when
many
were
killed.
• France built a huge army,
pushing back its enemies.
• National Convention
guillotined Robespierre in
1794.
• Middle class took over &
reduce power of CPS. They
set up new Constitution w/
a new leg assembly of 2
houses.
• 5 directors act as executive
committee called
DIRECTORY. Very Corrupt
NAPOLEON Dynamite
NAPOLEON
BONAPARTE
•Napoleon led
COUP DE TAT
(or sudden
overthrow)
in 1799 of
Directory
• Set up new govt called
CONSULATE & Napoleon is
consul & controls army,
foreign affairs &
legislature.
• Crowns self Emperor in
1804, but
called France
a republic
• Made agreement
w/ Catholic
church where he
recognized it as
church of France
& in return pope
did not ask for
stolen lands
back.
• The Napoleonic Code
created 7 codes of law.
• CIVIL CODE most
important. – equality of
citizens, religious
toleration, abolish serfdom,
choose profession.
(ideas of liberty)
•Despotism:
1. hurt women’s rights &
divorce.
2. Censored newspapers,
govt opened mail
3. Secret police
4. New nobles mostly
military & middle class.
•DO NOT WRITE!!!!
•When Nap became
Consul, he signed peace,
•War begins again in 1803
•Btw 1805-1807, Nap
beats Aus, Prus, & Rus
armies.
• Built GRAND
EMPIRE btw
1807-1812
which included
Fr & Italy,
Holland, Swiss
Republic, SP,
Rhine
Confederation &
Warsaw
• DON”T WRITE!!!!
• Nap tries to invade GB,
but navy defeats Nap at
Battle of Trafalgar in
1805.
• Tries to block trade of
Brit to Euro through
CONTINENTAL SYSTEM
(can’t buy/sell Br goods)
• other states still did.
• Invades Russia in 1812 (won’t
follow Cont Sys.)
•Grand Army of 600,000
march in.
• Rus army retreats 100s
of miles, burning own
villages as, so French
can’t
get supplies.
• Find Moscow in flames in
Winter. Nap retreats & only
40,000 men live.
NAPOLEON RETREATS
Stop
throwing
snowballs
at my men!
•DO NOT WRITE!!!
• Nations rise against a
weakened France.
• Paris taken in Mar 1814
• Napoleon exiled to Elba &
monarchy restored
• Louis XVIII weak.
• Nap escapes & troops join his
side despite being sent to
capture him
•With troops on his side
claims self emperor &
goes to Paris Mar 20,
1815.
•Nations rise
again to get rid
of Nap.
At Battle of Waterloo, June
18, 1815 Nap defeated by
Duke Wellington & exiled
to St Helena (dies there)

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