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Final Report SOLID WASTE

This document summarizes the key types and characteristics of solid waste. It discusses the different categories of solid waste including municipal solid waste, special wastes, domestic wastes, agricultural wastes, industrial wastes, and biomedical wastes. It also describes the major causes of increasing solid waste quantities such as overpopulation, urbanization, affluence, and technology. Important solid waste management practices like source reduction, recycling, treatment, and disposal are also outlined.

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105 views

Final Report SOLID WASTE

This document summarizes the key types and characteristics of solid waste. It discusses the different categories of solid waste including municipal solid waste, special wastes, domestic wastes, agricultural wastes, industrial wastes, and biomedical wastes. It also describes the major causes of increasing solid waste quantities such as overpopulation, urbanization, affluence, and technology. Important solid waste management practices like source reduction, recycling, treatment, and disposal are also outlined.

Uploaded by

Kookie BTS
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SOLID WASTE

REPORTED BY:

CASTILLO| DAANOY| DAYO| QUEROMA


The waste materials which have been rejected
for further use and which can neither readily escape
into atmosphere nor can be transported by water into
streams are called as SOLID WASTE.
All the discarded solid material from municipal,
agricultural and industrial activities are included in the
solid waste.
• waste tires • oil and anti-freeze
• scrap metal • empty aerosol
• latex paints cans, paint cans,
• furniture and toys and compressed
gas cylinders
EXAMPLES • garbage
of • construction and
• appliances and demolition debris,
SOLIDWASTE vehicles asbestos
when discarded
BIODEGRADABLE NON-BIODEGRADABLE

The Biodegradable wastes


are generated from The non-biodegradable
agricultural sector. They when wastes generally consist of
2TYPES dumped in soil for a longtime plastics, glass etc. which
are absorbed in soil. Different cannot be absorbed by soil.
of types of bacteria, earthworm
SOLID etc. utilizes these materials to
WASTE form soil and organic manure.
• 1. Municipal Solid Waste (MSW):
• 2.Special wastes:
• 3.Domestic wastes:
• 4.Agricultural wastes:
TYPES
and • 5.Industrial wastes:
SOURCES • 6.Biomedical waste or hospital
of waste:
SOLIDWASTES • 7.Hazardous Wastes:
1
TYPES and SOURCES of SOLID WASTE

MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE

Describing most of the non-


hazardous solid waste from a city, town or
village that requires routine collection and
transport to a processing or disposal site. It
includes private homes, commercial
establishments and institutions.
2
TYPES and SOURCES of SOLID WASTE

SPECIAL WASTES
These includes hazardous
wastes like toxic substances
(pesticides, heavy metal sludges);
radioactive wastes; biological
wastes; explosives; inflammable
substances; corrosive materials, etc.
3
TYPES and SOURCES of SOLID WASTE

DOMESTIC WASTES

These include wastes generated from


domestic cooking and serving of food.
Examples are garbage waste paper,
plastics, cloth etc.
4
TYPES and SOURCES of SOLID WASTE

AGRICULTURAL WASTES
These wastes result from
farms, feed lots, and live-stock
yards.
Examples are Corn residues,
bagasse from sugarcane manures,
paddy husk, etc.
5
TYPES and SOURCES of SOLID WASTE

INDUSTRIAL WASTES
A. Process wastes
Wastes depending on products manufactured.
ex. Plastic wastes, rubber wastes, metal scraps, food
processing wastes etc.
B. Non-process wastes
Wastes that is common to all industries.
ex. Office and cafeteria wastes, packing wastes, etc.
6
TYPES and SOURCES of SOLID WASTE

BIOCHEMICAL WASTES OR
HOSPITAL WASTES
It is usually infectious waste that may include
waste like sharps, soiled waste, disposables,
anatomical wastes, cultures, discarded medicines,
chemical wastes, etc. usually in the form of disposable
syringes, swabs, bandages, body fluids, human
excreta, etc. These can be a serious threat to human
health if not managed.
7
TYPES and SOURCES of SOLID WASTE

HAZARDOUS WASTES

Hazardous wastes are those


wastes that can cause to human and
the environment
CHARACTERISTICS OF SOLID WASTES
Wastes are classified as hazardous if they exhibit any of four primary
characterizes based on properties of toxicity, reactivity ignitability and
corrosively.
*Toxic wastes
*Reactive wastes
*Ignitable wastes
*Corrosive wastes
*Infectious wastes
TOXIC WASTES

- are poisonous in small or trace amounts. Some


may have acute or immediate effect on human or
animals. Carcinogenic or mutagenic causing biological
changes in the children of exposed people and animals.

Examples: pesticides, heavy metals.


REACTIVE WASTES

- are those that have a tendency to react vigorously


with air or water are unstable to shock or heat, generate
toxic gases or explode during routine management.

Examples: Gun powder, nitro glycerin.


IGNITABLE WASTES

▸ - are those that burn at relatively low temperatures


(< 60 °C) and are capable of spontaneous
combustion during storage transport or disposal.

Examples: Gasoline, paint thinners and alcohol.


CORROSIVE WASTES

- are those that destroy materials and living tissues


by chemical reactions

Examples: acids
INFECTIOUS WASTES

- Included human tissue from surgery, used


bandages and hypoderm needles hospital wastes.
As most of the hazardous wastes are disposed
off or in land, the most serious environmental
effect is contaminated ground water. Once
ground water is polluted with hazardous wastes,
it is often impossible to reverse the damage.
EFFECTS Pesticides form residues in the soil that are
of washed into streams which then carry them
forward.
HAZARDOUS
WASTES
4 MAIN CAUSES for the RAPID GROWTH
in the QUANTITY of SOLID WASTE

1. Overpopulation
2. Urbanization
3. Affluence
4. Technology
1

• Due to increasing industrialization and


population large quantities of wastes are
being generated in different forms such as-
solid, liquid, sludge and gases. Each city
produces tons of solid wastes daily from
households, hospitals, industry offices,
market centers etc.

OVERPOPULATION
2
• Due to pressure of urbanization most of the
cities are growing fast and sometimes they
develop beyond the planned limits.
Generally the unplanned areas of the city
contain a quarter of the total population,
where the spatial information is missing
because of non-availability of up-to-date
maps.
URBANIZATION
4

• With the affluence, there is a tendency to


declare items as being in or out of fashion
and the items those are out of fashion
results solid waste pollution.

AFFLUENCE
2
• As the country achieves the economic
goals, the countries invest more over
technology. There is a shift from natural
goods to the artificial ones, those are
generally non-biodegradable by nature
such as plastic, etc. which are largely
responsible for causing solid waste
pollution

TECHNOLOGY
WHAT are the HAZARDOUS EFFECTS of SOLID
WASTES on OUR ENVIRONMENT?

(I) flies and mosquitoes breed on drains and gully pits


through solid wastes. These flies and mosquitoes then
contaminate food and water. In turn, diseases like
diarrhea, amoebic dysentery, bacillary dysentery,
malaria, dengue, etc. results.
(II) The stray animals and scavengers invade the
garbage dumps of roadside. It results in harming the
aesthetic beauty of the surroundings.
WHAT are the HAZARDOUS EFFECTS of SOLID
WASTES on OUR ENVIRONMENT?

(III) Bad odors pollute the air as a result of decomposition


of organic solid wastes.
(IV) Percolation of decomposed garbage causes pollution
of underground water and land. The crops and water
supply gets contaminated and result in cholera,
hepatitis, jaundice, gastro-intestinal diseases.
(V) Rats living in solid waste dumping sites rapidly
multiply in numbers and may cause plague and other
diseases.
IMPORTANT SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
PRACTICES

• (I) Source Reduction:


• (II) Recycling:
• (III) Treatment:
• (IV) Disposal:
IMPORTANT SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
PRACTICES

(I) SOURCE REDUCTION:


It involves changing the design, manufacture, or
use of products and materials to reduce the
amounts of solid waste generation.
Examples: Two-sided copying of paper, backyard
composting, etc.
IMPORTANT SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
PRACTICES

(II) RECYCLING:
From the waste stream; paper/ glass/plastic/metal etc. are
sorted, collected, processed and then manufactured, sold
and purchased as new products.
Advantages: Energy saving, prevention of emission of
many greenhouses gases/water pollutants, job creation,
resource conservation for future and reduced need of new
landfills and incinerators.
IMPORTANT SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
PRACTICES

(III) TREATMENT
Suitable treatment is given depending on the nature of solid
wastes
(IV) DISPOSAL:
Solid wastes can be disposed in combustion facilities and landfills.
The most preferred method for solid waste management is source
reduction (including reuse). It is followed by recycling and
composting. Lastly, disposal of solid waste is done.
TREATMENT METHODS FOR SOLID WASTE

• Reduce (Waste Prevention):


• Reuse:
• Recycling:
REDUCE (WASTE PREVENTION):

• Waste prevention, or “source reduction,” means


consuming and discarding less, is a successful method of
reducing waste generation.
EXAMPLES
Backyard composting, double sided copying of papers,
purchasing durable, long- lasting environmentally friendly
goods; redesigning products to use less raw material
production
REUSE:

• Reuse is the process, which involves reusing items by


repairing them, donating them to charity and community
groups, or selling them.
EXAMPLES
Using durable glassware, steel using cloth napkins or
towels, reusing bottles, reusing boxes, purchasing refillable
pens and pencils are suggested.
REDUCE (WASTE PREVENTION):

• Waste prevention, or “source reduction,” means


consuming and discarding less, is a successful method of
reducing waste generation.
EXAMPLES
Backyard composting, double sided copying of papers,
purchasing durable, long- lasting environmentally friendly
goods; redesigning products to use less raw material
production
RECYCLING:

• Recycling can create valuable resources and it generates


a host of environmental, financial, and social benefits.
• Materials like glass, metal, plastics, and paper are
collected, separated and sent to processing centers
where they are processed into new products.

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