References :

Introduction to Marine Engineering

Marine Auxiliary Machinery
Handbook of Diesel Engines
Marine engineering
Pounder’s Marine Diesel Engines & Gas Turbines

DIESEL ENGINES
Sistem Permesinan

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 Introduction
A diesel engine is similar to the gasoline engine, both
engine are reciprocating engines, meaning they burn the
fuel air mixture within the cylinder

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 Diesel Engine
Cylinders Arrangement:
 In- line engines: all cylinders are
arranged linearly
 "V" engines: cylinders are in two
banks inclined at an angle to each
other and with one crank-shaft
 Opposed cylinder banks located in
the same plane on opposite sides of
the crank-shaft figure
 Radial engine: the radial engine is an
engine with more than two cylinders
in each row equally spaced around
the crank shaft

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 Major Component a Diesel Engine

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Cylinder block Cylinder sleeve or bore
 Provide a structure body and rigid  There are two types of sleeve,
frame for the engine’s cylinders, water wet and dry
coolant and oil passages, and support
 Dry  a dry sleeve is
for the crankshaft and camshaft
surrounded by the metal of the
bearing
block and does not contact
with the engine coolant

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 Piston
 Acted on by combustion gases
 Lightweight but strong/durable
Piston Rings
 Transfer heat from piston to cylinder
 Seal cylinder & distribute lube oil
Piston Pin
 Pivot point connecting piston to
connecting rod
Connecting Rod
 Connects piston & crankshaft
 reciprocating rotating motion

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 Crankshaft Flywheel
 Combines work done by each  Absorbs and releases kinetic
piston energy of piston strokes ->
 Drives camshafts, generator, pumps, smoothes rotation of crankshaft
etc.

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 Valves
 Intake: open to admit air
to cylinder (with fuel in
Otto cycle)
 Exhaust: open to allow
gases to be rejected
Camshaft & Cams
 Used to time the addition
of intake and exhaust
valves
 Operates valves via
pushrods & rocker arms

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 Operation Terminology
Bore and stroke
 Bore refers to the diameter
of the engine’s cylinder
 Stroke refers to the distance
the piston travels from the
TDC - BDC
Engine Displacement
 The total volumes displaced
by all the pistons during one
stroke
Compression Ratio

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 Fundamental Of Thermodynamic

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 Diesel Engine Support System
Ignition system
Diesel has compression ignition
Gasoline has spark plugs
Cooling system
Uses fresh water and/or salt water
Lubrication system
Provide lubrication and cooling
Air system
Supplies & removes air/gases
Air supplied at constant pressure by blower/compressor
Fuel System
Carburetor: mixes air & fuel in proper proportion (NOT on diesels)
Fuel injector: sprays fuel in (more efficient)

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Engine Cooling
 The cooling system consists
of a closed loop
 Major component :
 Water pump
 Radiator or heat exchanger
 Water jacket
 thermostat

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Engine lubricating
 Lubricate the bearing
surface
 Absorbing the friction-
generated heat
 Once the oil has
cooled and lubricated
the bearing surface, it
flows out of the
bearing and gravity-
flows back into the oil
pan

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Starting system
 Mekanik
 Electric
 pressure

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 Air intake system
 The air entering the engine must be clean, free of debris, and as cool as possible.
 More oxygen means a more efficient fuel burn and more power
 If the engine is turbocharger or supercharged, the fresh air will be compresses with a
blower and possible cooled before entering the intake manifold

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 Fuel system
 All diesel engines require
a method to store and
delivered to the engine
 The fuel delivered to the
engine must be
extremely clean and free
of contaminants

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 Engine Seating

 The thickness of the

engine seating is governed
by the power, weight, and
length of the unit

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 Engine
Performance

SCR/NCR MCR

Overload
Rpm limit
Operation

Stress &
thermal

SFOC ---- 75% - 80% MEP & 90%rpm ----

tolerance 3% - 5% --- (gr/bhp hours)

SLOC ---- Cylinder (0,5% - 1%) x SFOC

SLOC ---- Uni lub (0,7 – 1,4) gr/bhp hours

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Engine
Matching

Normal T
M
condition o
a
(80%-90%) r
t
MCR g
a
i
l
n

MCR

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 Exhaust Gas
Turbocharge  Axial turbocharger

Increased engine
height with
problem of
Increased
stroke • Crankshaft
construction
• Cylinder
Turbocharger lubrication
• Effective
scavenging
coming
 Centrifugal turbocharger

Turbocharger
 Tenaga = f (V disp, MEP, rpm, n silinder )
 Turbocharge = f (MEP)

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The exhaust from the cylinders spins the turbine, which works like a gas turbine
engine. The turbine is connected by a shaft to the compressor, which is located
between the air filter and the intake manifold. The compressor pressurizes the air going
into the pistons.

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Inert Gas systems

Inert gas is a gas or vapour which will not support combustion and will not react
with the cargo.

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Waste Heat Recovery (WHR) systems

► Total efficiency of the

engine can be
increased by more
than 5 %. That means
less fuel consumption
and therefore less
emissions to the
atmosphere.
► Requires extensive
modifications for
existing vessels.

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