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Fallacies II

The document discusses several logical fallacies: 1) Slippery slope fallacy - Asserting a small initial step will lead to a significant undesirable outcome. An example given is saying watching cartoons will lead to toy obsession. 2) Red herring fallacy - Distracting from the topic by introducing an irrelevant argument. An example is bringing up budget issues when discussing academic standards. 3) Straw man fallacy - Misrepresenting an argument to make it easier to attack. An example is distorting an argument about funding priorities. 4) False dilemma fallacy - Presenting only two options when more exist. An example is saying dental hygiene is binary.

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Jeneldon Pontemayor
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23 views

Fallacies II

The document discusses several logical fallacies: 1) Slippery slope fallacy - Asserting a small initial step will lead to a significant undesirable outcome. An example given is saying watching cartoons will lead to toy obsession. 2) Red herring fallacy - Distracting from the topic by introducing an irrelevant argument. An example is bringing up budget issues when discussing academic standards. 3) Straw man fallacy - Misrepresenting an argument to make it easier to attack. An example is distorting an argument about funding priorities. 4) False dilemma fallacy - Presenting only two options when more exist. An example is saying dental hygiene is binary.

Uploaded by

Jeneldon Pontemayor
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LOGIC

Fallacies II
Slippery Slope
• asserting that a relatively small first step
inevitably leads to a chain of related events
culminating in some significant impact/event
that should not happen, thus the first step
should not happen.
Slippery Slope
Example
• Once your kids are watching cartoons, they're
also watching those toy commercials. If they
see the commercials they'll want the toys;
before you know it, they're obsessed with the
toys and you've lost all control over them. So
don't let children watch cartoons.
Red Herring
a speaker attempts to distract an audience by
deviating from the topic at hand by introducing
a separate argument the speaker believes is
easier to speak to.
Red Herring
Example
• "I think that we should make the academic
requirements stricter for students. I
recommend that you support this because we
are in a budget crisis and we do not want our
salaries affected."
Straw Man
• You misrepresented someone's argument to
make it easier to attack.
• By exaggerating, misrepresenting, or just
completely fabricating someone's argument,
it's much easier to present your own position
as being reasonable, but this kind of
dishonesty serves to undermine honest
rational debate.
Example
After Will said that we should put more money
into health and education, Warren responded by
saying that he was surprised that Will hates our
country so much that he wants to leave it
defenceless by cutting military spending.
False Dilemma
two alternative statements are held to be the
only possible options, when in reality there are
more
Example
• Either you floss daily or your teeth look
pathetic.
Burden of Proof
Burden of proof lies not with the person making
the claim, but with someone else to disprove.
Example

I need not prove my claim, you


must prove it is false.
Tu Quoque
Pronounced too-kwo-kwee. Literally translating
as 'you too' this fallacy is also known as the
appeal to hypocrisy. It is commonly employed as
an effective red herring because it takes the
heat off someone having to defend their
argument, and instead shifts the focus back on
to the person making the criticism.
Tu Quoque
Example
• Nicole identified that Hannah had committed
a logical fallacy, but instead of addressing the
substance of her claim, Hannah accused
Nicole of committing a fallacy earlier on in the
conversation.

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