Scribd
Upload
160 views

Waterlogging and Salinity

The document discusses water logging, its causes, and preventive and curative measures. It also discusses salinity in soil, the factors contributing to it, and its effects on plants and soil. Preventive measures for salinity include controlled irrigation, drainage, and avoiding alkaline water for irrigation. Curative measures for salinity involve leaching salts from the topsoil layers using flooding, growing salt-resistant crops, chemical treatment using gypsum, and using mulch to reduce evaporation.

Uploaded by

Emaan Shah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
160 views

Waterlogging and Salinity

The document discusses water logging, its causes, and preventive and curative measures. It also discusses salinity in soil, the factors contributing to it, and its effects on plants and soil. Preventive measures for salinity include controlled irrigation, drainage, and avoiding alkaline water for irrigation. Curative measures for salinity involve leaching salts from the topsoil layers using flooding, growing salt-resistant crops, chemical treatment using gypsum, and using mulch to reduce evaporation.

Uploaded by

Emaan Shah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 34

 Water logging & its control

 Salinity & its control


 Water Logging:
If water table rise to such a level through
capillary action to the surface & root zone, that
it cannot conveniently permit an anticipated
activity this situation is called WATER
LOGGING
 Inadequate surface Drainage
 Seepage from canal system
 Over irrigation of fields
 Obstruction of natural drainage
 Impermeable clay layer below the soil
 Obliteration of natural drainage
 Inadequate capacity for arterial drainage
 Construction of a water reservoir
 Natural obstruction to the flow of ground
water
 Inhabiting activity of soil bacteria.
 Decrease in available capillary water
 Fall in soil temperature
 Defective air circulation
 Rise of salt
 Delay in cultivation operations
 Growth of flora
 Adverse effects on community health
 Less availability of oxygen
 Preventive measures

 Curative measures
Preventive Measures
 Providing efficient surface Drainage.
 Reducing percolation from canals.
 Restriction of irrigation.
 Adoption of sprinkler method for irrigation
 Removing obstructions in natural drainage.
 Changes in crop pattern.
Curative Measures
 Providing a vertical drainage system
 Providing a horizontal drainage system
Salinity
If the concentration of harmful salts in the
root zone of a plant increases to such on extent
that plant growth is effected, this situation is
called Salinity.
 The factors contributing towards the problem
of salinity are almost same as that of water
logging.

 Every agricultural soil has certain mineral salt is


also called alkali salts in it like NaCl, Na2CO3,
Na2 SO4 etc.
 When these soluble alkali salts are excess in
soil and further ground water table is very
near to ground, these salts get mixed with
ground water and with upward movement
of water not only accumulated in first
3~4ft of soil layer below ground surface but
also form a tin 2”~3” crust on surface.
 Corrosive Action to Plants.

 Formation of Alkali Soil.


 Preventive Measures

 Curative Measures
Preventive Measures
 Controlled Irrigation.
 Providing adequate surface drainage.
 Allowing lower intensity of irrigation.
 Reducing surface evaporation.
 Not using alkaline water for irrigation purpose.
Curative Measures
 Treatment by Leaching Process

 Chemical Treatment

 Treatment by Mulching
 Treatment by Leaching Process
Leaching is the process of extracting minerals from a solid by
dissolving them in a liquid, either in nature or through an industrial
process. In the chemical processing industry, leaching has a
variety of commercial applications, including separation of metal
from ore using acid, and sugar from beets using hot water.
Step 01.
Providing adequate sub surface artificial
drainage.
Step 02.
Leaching salts from the top 3~4ft of soil to
ground water table by flooding the land.
Step 03.
Growing salt resistant crops (e.g. rice) for one or
two seasons.
 Chemical Treatment

PRINCIPLE
Mixing gypsum CaSO4 (@ 1 ton/acre) with salt
effected soil in presence of water.
CaSO4+Na2CO3 ---------> Na2So4 +CaO +CO
 Treatment by Mulching
Mulch is simply a protective layer of a material that
is spread on top of the soil. Mulches can either be
organic -- such as grass clippings, straw, bark
chips, and similar materials -- or inorganic -- such
as stones, brick chips, and plastic
It involves covering the effected land with a
covering of soil (Mulch) to reduce evaporation
losses.

You might also like