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Manufacturing of Tiles

1. Tiles are thin slabs of clay that are burnt in kilns and come in two main types - common tiles used for flooring, paving and roofs, and encaustic tiles used for decorative purposes. 2. The manufacturing process involves preparing clay through sedimentation, mixing it with additives, grinding the mixture, moulding tiles, drying them, glazing, printing designs, pre-heating and finally firing them in kilns. 3. Key steps are grinding clay and materials to form a powder, moulding powder into tile shapes, drying and glazing tiles before firing at high temperatures in kilns to harden the finished tiles.

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201 views

Manufacturing of Tiles

1. Tiles are thin slabs of clay that are burnt in kilns and come in two main types - common tiles used for flooring, paving and roofs, and encaustic tiles used for decorative purposes. 2. The manufacturing process involves preparing clay through sedimentation, mixing it with additives, grinding the mixture, moulding tiles, drying them, glazing, printing designs, pre-heating and finally firing them in kilns. 3. Key steps are grinding clay and materials to form a powder, moulding powder into tile shapes, drying and glazing tiles before firing at high temperatures in kilns to harden the finished tiles.

Uploaded by

Lino Tom Lino Tom
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MANUFACTURING OF TILES
TILE? 2

 Tiles may be defined as thin slabs of brick clay, burnt in kiln.


 They are thinner than bricks and therefore should be carefully
handled to avoid any damage to them.
 Tiles can be classified into two heads:
a)Common tiles
b)Encaustic tiles
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(i)COMMON TILES :Common tiles have different shapes and sizes.
 They are mainly used for paving, flooring and roofing.
 Example: floor tiles, paving tiles, roof tiles, drain tiles etc.

(ii)ENCAUSTIC TILES: Encaustic tiles are used for decorative purposes in


floors,walls,ceilings and roofs.
 These are manufactured from carefully prepared fine clays, certain
additives and colouring pigments.
INGREDIENTS OF TILES 4
MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF TILES
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1.PREPARATION OF CLAYS: 6
 For manufacturing of flooring and wall tiles, a rich variety of clay is required.
 Kaolin or china clay, which is white in colour is best suited for this purpose.
 The selected clay is made free from any impurities such as grit,pebbles,etc.
 To obtain a superior quality of tiles, large quantity of water is added to the prepared
clay.
 The whole mixture is then sedimented.
 The coarser heavy particles settle down, fine particles from upper portion are
transferred to another tank.
 Water is allowed to dry off.
2.MIXING OF RAW MATERIALS: 7
 The clay obtained is mixed with various ingredients like talc, water etc.
 To improve the hardness and imperviousness, a mixture of ground glass and pottery
ware is also added in required quantities.
3.GRINDING OF THE MIXTURE: 8
 The mixture of clay,talc,ground glass,potteryware and water is then grinded in ball
mills for 4 hours.
 After grinding,the slurry is taken in a vibrosieve where sieving is done with the help of
vibrations.
 The slurry passing the sieve is then stored in a tank.
 This slurry is then converted into powdered form by spray dryer.
 6%-7% of moisture is retained.
 This powder is then stored in silos.
4.MOULDING OF TILES: 9
 The powder from the silos is mixed with water and is placed in moulds which
represents the pattern or shape of the tiles to be manufactured.
 The moulding of the tiles may be done manually with the help of wooden or metallic
moulds or by potter’s wheel,in case the tiles are circular in shape.
 Tiles are also moulded mechanically with the help of hydraulic press.
5.DRYING OF TILES:
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 The moulded tiles are then allowed to dry.
 Generally two stage drying is carried out;
i)Tiles due to wrapping or bending during placement over the ground is removed by a
flat wooden mallet like a cricket bat.
ii)The edges and under surfaces are cleaned and again stacked on edge to dry for another
2-3 days.
6.GLAZING OF TILES: 11
 The dried tiles are then glazed.
 For glazing, the tiles are first cleaned and the dust is removed .
 Application of primer coat is carried out by spraying.
 The final glazing is done with the help of ivory, zirconium, clay and alumina.
7.PRINTING ON TILES:
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 The required patterns and designs are printed on the tiles with the help of printing
machines.

8.PRE-HEATING OF TILES:
 After the printing,the tiles absorb some moisture.
 To remove this moisture and to harden the colour, pre- heating is done.
 It is done with the help of waste flue gases.
9.BURNING OF TILES:
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 Tiles are burnt in kilns.
 In the burning process,the regulation of heat is important for achieving better results.
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