SIGTRAN SS7

ASRI WULANDARI
CCS 7/SS 7
 Basic functional parts of the PSTN

PSTN

Switching in
Transmission
exchanges
(PDH, SDH)

Databases in
Subscriber signalling the network
Network- (HLR)
(analog or ISDN=DSS1)
internal
signalling
(SS7)

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PDH and SDH transmission bit rates

PDH (Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy)

Japan USA Europe

J1 1.5 Mbit/s T1 1.5 Mbit/s E1 2 Mbit/s
J2 6 T2 6 E2 8
J3 32 T3 45 E3 34
J4 98 T4 140 E4 140

SONET (North Am.) SDH

STS-1 51.84 Mbit/s
STS-3 155.52 STM-1
STS-12 622.08 STM-4
STS-48 2.488 Gbit/s STM-16

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 Structure of E1 frame (2.048 Mbit/s)

012 16 31

32 TDM time slots (with 8 bits each / frame)

Time slots 1-31 carry digital signals (usually PCM speech) with
a bitrate of 64 kbit/s.

Time slot 0 is used for frame synchronization:

received bit stream ... where does a new frame begin?

... ...

Time slot 16 usually contains SS7 signalling information.

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 Subscriber signalling

PSTN

Switching in
Transmission
exchanges
(PDH, SDH)

Databases in
Subscriber signalling the network
Network- (HLR)
(analog or ISDN=DSS1)
internal
signalling
(SS7)

6
 Analog subscriber signalling in action

User A LE A LE B User B

Off-hook SS7 LE = local exchange

signalling
Dial tone (ISUP)
B number
Ringing
signal
Ringback
tone (or Off-hook
busy tone) (user B
answers)
Connection established

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 ISDN subscriber signalling in action

User A LE A LE B User B

Off-hook SS7
DSS1 signalling
signalling
messages
Setup (ISUP)
B number
Call proc Setup

Alert Ringing
Tones Alert
generated Off-hook
Conn
in terminal (user B
Conn
answers)
Connection established

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 End-to-end digital signalling

User interface PSTN Network User interface

Q.931
Q.931 Q.931
Q.931 ISUP
ISUP SS7 ISUP
ISUP Q.931
Q.931 Q.931
Q.931
DSS1 MTP
MTP33 MTP
MTP33 DSS1

Q.921
Q.921 Q.921
Q.921 MTP
MTP22 MTP
MTP22 Q.921
Q.921 Q.921
Q.921
I.430
I.430 I.430
I.430 MTP
MTP11 MTP
MTP11 I.430
I.430 I.430
I.430

contains the signalling messages for call control

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 The Telephone Network [1/2]
SS7 Signaling
Service Service
ISUP Messages +
Control Data
INAP/TCAP Messages Point Point

Signal
Transfer Control Layer
Point

Intelligent Transport Layer

Peripheral

Class 4
Class 5
Tandem Switch
End Office Switch

Circuit Switched Network

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 The Telephone Network [2/2]
• 5 Basic Components in Intelligent Networks
– SSP/Service Switching Point
• switching, service invocation
– STP/Service Transfer Point
• signal routing SCP
SCP SDP
SDP
TCAP messages
– SCP/Service Control Point
IP
IP STP STP
• service logic execution STP STP

– SDP/Service Data Point SSP SSP

SSP ISUP messages SSP
• subscriber data storage, access
– IP/Intelligent Peripheral Voice

• resources such as customized voice announcement, voice

recognition, DTMF digit collection

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SS7 Network Architecture

12
 SS7 Protocol Suite
OSI Layers

Application INAP MAP

Presentation TCAP ISUP

Session

Transport SCCP

Network MTP Level 3

Data Link MTP Level 2

Physical MTP Level 1

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 Protocol SS7
Application
Part (AP)

7
ISDN
Data User
User
Part (DUP)
Transaction Part
6 Telephone User
Capabilities (ISUP)
Part
5 (TCAP)
4
4

Signalling Connection Control Part

(SCCP)
3

Network Function 3
2 Message
Transfer Link Function 2
1 Part (MTP) Data Link Function 1

Network Service Part (NSP)

SIGTRAN SS7/ SIGTRAN
 PENGERTIAN SIGTRAN
SIGTRAN adalah standard yang didefinisikan oleh IETF (Internet
Engineering Task Force) yang merupakan satu bagian kecil dalam
proses evolusi menuju jaringan all-IP.
IETF Signaling Transport mengembangkan SIGTRAN untuk
pengalamatan transport of packet-based PSTN signaling melalui IP
Networks, sebagaimana kebutuhan performansi signall pada PSTN
Dalam standarisasinya SIGTRAN mempunyai seperangkat protokol
yang memodelkan arsitektur transport pensinyalan SS 7 (Signaling
System No.7) yang dibawakan melalui jaringan IP (Internet
Protocol).
 Softswitch Architecture SIGTRAN

SS7 Network
Internet
Signaling
SCP (SS7) MGCP/
Gateway SIGTRAN MEGACO
Call
STP Agent
MGCP/
MEGACO

Trunking Residential
Trunking
Gateway Gateway
Residential
CO Trunking RTP Gateway
Gateway Residential
Switch Gateway Gateway

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 Sigtran SS7
• SIGTRAN Mendukung aplikasi yang sama pada manajemen
panggilan seperti SS7 tetapi menggunakan transportasi Internet
Protocol (IP) yang disebut Stream Control Transmission Protocol
(SCTP) .
• Signaling Transport (SIGTRAN) mengacu pada protokol stack untuk
pengangkutan Switched Circuit Network (SCN) signaling protokol
(SS7/C7) melalui jaringan IP.
• SIGTRAN adalah evolusi SS7, yang mendefinisikan inti adaptor dan
kapabilitas yang memadukan transportasi dan paket SS7 protokol
• Pada Interkoneksi dengan PSTN, IP networks memerlukan transport
signaling seperti Q.931 or SS7 ISUP messages antara IP nodes
seperti sebuah Signaling Gateway and Media Gateway Controller
atau Media Gateway.
• Aplikasi SIGTRAN meliputi: Internet dial-up remote access, IP
telephony interworking dengan PSTN dan layanan lainnya
 KOMPONEN SIGTRAN
Komponen SIGTRAN meliputi :
• MGC-Media Gateway Controller, bertanggung jawab
untuk menengahi call control (antara SG dan MG) dan
mengontrol akses dari IP dunia ke / dari PSTN.
• SG-Signaling Gateway, bertanggung jawab untuk
interfacing ke jaringan SS7 dan sinyal lewat pesan ke
node IP.
• MG-Media Gateway, bertanggung jawab untuk suara
packetization lalu lintas dan mengirimkan lalu lintas ke
arah tujuan.
• IP SCP – sebuah IP-enabled Service Control Point
(SCP). Ini sepenuhnya ada di dalam jaringan IP, tetapi
diakses dari jaringan SS7; dalam hal ini menggunakan
SCTP
• IP Phone-generik disebut sebagai “terminal.”
 SIGTRAN Architecture
• Signaling yang dilakukan melalui IP menggunakan transport
protocol untuk memastikan pengiriman signalling secara
reliable.
– Error-free and in-sequence
– Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP)
• An adaptation layer digunakan untuk mendukung fungsi
layer yang lama ke aplikasi layer berbasis IP
– The standard SS7 applications (e.g., ISUP) do not realize that the
underlying transport is IP.

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 ISUP TRANSPORT TO MGC
• NIF (Nodal Interworking Function) merupakan
perangkat yang bertanggung jawab untuk melakukan
interworking antara SS7 dan all IP networks

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 SIGTRAN Protocol Stack
 SCTP: Perangkat Pengiriman data yang cepat dimana
bersifat error-free, in sequence delivery, network-level
fault tolerance

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 SCTP
• Digunakan untuk menghasilkan fast transmission dan
reliable dalam melakukan fungsi pensinyalan
• SCTP menghasilkan beberapa fungsi penting untuk digital
signaling transport.
– It can potentially benefit other applications needing
transport with additional performance and reliability.
• SCTP merupakan perangkat utama pada SIGTRAN.

UDP: Best effort delivery, but not reliable.

TCP: Guaranteed delivery, but not timely.
SCTP: Deterministic, reliable and timely.

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 Adaptation Layer [1/3]
• M2UA (MTP-2 User Adaptation Layer)

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 Adaptation Layer [2/3]
• M2PA (MTP-2 Peer-to-Peer Adaptation Layer)
– An SG that utilizes M2PA is a signaling node for the MGC.
• It is effectively an IP-based STP.
– SG can processing higher-layer signaling functions, such as SCCP
GTT.

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 Adaptation Layer [3/3]
• M3UA (MTP3-User Adaptation Layer)
• SUA (SCCP-User Adaptation Layer)
– Applications such as TCAP use the services of SUA.
• IUA (ISDN Q.921-User Adaptation Layer)
• V5UA (V5.2-User Adaptation Layer)
Comparison SS7 and Sigtran Protocol Stack
What Supported By Using SCTP?
• To ensure reliable, error-free, in-sequence
delivery of user messages (optional).
• To support fast delivery of messages and
avoid head-of-line blocking.
• To support network-level fault tolerance
that is critical for carrier-grade network
performance by using multi-home hosts.
• To provide protection against DoS attack
by using 4-way handshake and cookie.

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An SCTP association looks like this
SCTP node A SCTP node B
Association is identified by
- IP addresses,
SCTP user SCTP user
- Port numbers
application application
- Verification tags
SCTP - Checksums in msgs SCTP
transport service transport service
IP network Only one association at any time IP network
service between a pair of EPs! service

One or more
IP network IP addresses
One or more (IPv4 or IPv6)
IP addresses
(IPv4 or IPv6) In each EP one IP address is primary
others are backup addresses  reliability
 A use case: Signaling Gateway
PSTN IP based network
Exchange
Media Gateway
Signaling Gateway Controller

ISUP ISUP
Interworking
M3UA M3UA
MTP SCTP SCTP
MTP
1-3
1-3
IP IP

• M3UA – MTP3 User Adaptation layer extends MTP3 primitive i/f to remote user.
 M3UA
(MTP 3 User Adaptation Layer)

• M3UA is a protocol for interfacing legacy SS7

networks with IP.
• M3UA allows for all the functionality of MTP3 to
be done over IP.
• Transports the MTP3-User signaling using the
Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP).
• Provides a link between SS7 and IP, but can also be
used to transport MTP3-User signaling between IP
networks.
SS7/IP
 SS7/IP
 M3UA can be used as a gateway, in almost the same way as an SS7 STP.
 All SS7 elements above MTP3 remain the same, but routing and transport
are replaced by IP.
 This allows the same services to be offered but adds flexibility and
efficiency.
IP/IP

SS7/IP
 IP/IP
 Less commonly used, but M3UA also allows for the
transport of MTP3-User parts between two IP
applications.
 M3UA message format includes a common header
followed by zero or more parameters as determined
by the type of message.
 M3UA Protocol

• Version: 8 bits, version number

• Class: 8 bits, message class
• Type: 8 bits, message type
• Length: 32 bits, length of message in bytes, including
header and parameter padding
• Data: variable, contains the parameters, if any
M3UA Protocol
 M3UA Protocol
Each message class has different types.
 MGMT : ERR, NTFY
 Transfer : Payload Data
 SSNM :
•Destination Unavailable/Available
•Destination State Audit
•Signaling Congestion
•Destination User Part Unavailable
•Destination Restricted
 M3UA Protocol
 ASPSM :
 ASP Up/Down,
 Heartbeat
 ASP Up/Down Ack,
 Heartbeat Ack
 ASPTM :
 ASP Active/Inactive,
ASP Active/Inactive Ack
 RKM:
 Registration Request/Response,
 Deregistration Request/Response
 M3UA Procedure
A Signaling Gateway (SG) sends and receives
native signaling at the edge of the IP network.
It appears to be a signaling point to the SS7
network.

A Signaling Gateway process is a process

instance of the SG. It interacts with the ASP.
 M3UA Procedure
• Establishment of traffic between an ASP and SGP
 M3UA Procedure
When the M3UA layer at the ASP gets a TRANSFER
request from the M3UA user it must:
• Determines correct SGP
• Determine if the DATA field needs to be filled
• Map the request into the Data field
• Send the DATA message to the SGP over SCTP
 M3UA Procedure
When the M3UA at the ASP receives a DATA
message it must:
• Evaluate the optional Data fields
• Map the Data field into an MTP-TRANSFER
primitive
• Pass the primitive to the user part
 M3UA Procedure
• A single exchange between IP Server Processes
(IPSP)