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Fault Passage Detection System

1) The system will design, supply, install, test, and commission fault passage indicators (FPIs) on 33kV and 11kV overhead networks to detect and communicate faults to a control center. 2) The FPIs will detect phase-to-phase and phase-to-earth faults as well as voltage interruptions and transmit information to the control center via GSM/GPRS network. 3) The FPIs are self-powered and designed to operate in tropical climates with temperatures from 4°C to 50°C and up to 100% relative humidity.

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Gaurav sengar
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185 views

Fault Passage Detection System

1) The system will design, supply, install, test, and commission fault passage indicators (FPIs) on 33kV and 11kV overhead networks to detect and communicate faults to a control center. 2) The FPIs will detect phase-to-phase and phase-to-earth faults as well as voltage interruptions and transmit information to the control center via GSM/GPRS network. 3) The FPIs are self-powered and designed to operate in tropical climates with temperatures from 4°C to 50°C and up to 100% relative humidity.

Uploaded by

Gaurav sengar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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FAULT PASSAGE DETECTION SYSTEM FOR

33KV AND 11KV OVERHEAD NETWORKS.

MADE BY- GAURAV KUMAR


GOPAL KUMAR GUPTA
Scope of Work
• We shall design, engineering, manufacturing, testing at manufacturer’s works,
supply, delivery,erection,testing and commission of communicable and non
communicable type Fault passage indicator (FPI)/Fault Sensing indicator(FSI) in
the selected Feeders and Integration to SCADA Control Centre.
• Communication Network will be provided by Reliance.For communication with
control centre ,Reliance VPN shall be used with SIM having Static IP supplied by
Reliance.
• This system allowing to remotely monitoring appearance of faults so that to
localise faulty sections and send patrols rectification of fault.
• Fault Passage detection and indication systems with wireless communication to
be installed on 33kv & 11kv overhead electric networks.
Purpose Of Equipment
The main functions of the equipment are:
• To detect phase-to-phase and phase-to-earth fault currents.
• To detect voltage presence interruptions.
• To detect voltage dips and store them in memory.
• To transmit information to the control centre spontaneously via the GSM/GPRS network.
• To provide a local light indication of faults.
• To provide operators with all useful information for fault finding and preventive maintenance.
• To be self-supplied at all times, including during outages.
SYSTEM PARAMETERS
• Fault detection systems shall be designed to operate on a 33kv & 11kv overhead network with the
following characteristics:
• Nominal Operation Voltage : 33kv for 33 kv networks and 11 kv for 11 kv networks
• System Maximum Voltage : 36kv & 12kv
• Frequency : 50Hz
• No. of Phases :3
• System Fault Current : 25KA/3 sec for 33 kv system & 18.4KA/3 sec for 11 KV system
• Type of earthing : for 33kv- earth through earthing transformer
: for 11kv- solidly grounded system.
CLIMATIC CONDITIONS
The fault Detection system shall be designed to operate in the following environmental conditions:
1. Temperature Variation : +4 deg C to +50 deg. C
2. Max. daily avg temperature : +45 deg C
3. Max. Relative Humdity : 100%
4. Average Rainfall : 200cm
5. Max. wind pressure & wind speed : 150Kg/sq.m & 50m/sec
6. Avg. no. of thunderstorm days per year : 200
EQUIPMENT
1-Fault Passage Indicator (FPI)/Fault Sensing Indicator(FSI):
• FPI/FSI shall be suitable for outdoor use in the tropical climate condition. The components used in
the FPI shall be suitably protected from direct sunlight malfunctioning due to solar radiation. The
FPI shall be suitable for mounting on live line conductors and suitable clamps shall have to be
designed so that the FPI/FSI can withstand winds pressure specified without falling from the line.
The FPI shall be fully self- contained type without any external connection,indicator or sensors.
The FPI/FSI shall be suitable for use on multiple lines supported by the same pole.
GSM/GPRS Communication interface
• A GSM/GPRS communication interface , pole mounted,acting as a communication gateway
between fault passage indicators using short range radio and the remote control centre using
GSM/GPRS communication.
• GSM/GPRS communication equipment shall get supply for battery/ battery charger with a
single phase PT connected in the same pole with proper fuse arrangement.Battery of reputed
make shall be rated for at least 6Hrs. Backup for the system shall have to be supplied.
• It shall be able to interface up to FPI within a range of 100 m maximumcorresponding to
overhead lines.
• GSM/GPRS communication to scada control centre
• Configuration of the communication interface and FPI/FSI by connection of a laptop using the
configuration software to an RS232/ RS485/ RJ 45 port on the communication interface.
BATTERY

A non-rechargeable (lithium-ion) battery of a minimum life time 10 years, in the


temperature conditions specified above,including at least 1 short range radio
communication with the GSM/GPRS communication jnterface evey hour and minimum
400 hours flashing for fault indication all over these 10 years. For non-communicable
type FPI/FSI 800 hours flashing for fault indication over 10 years shall be provided
Operational specifications
FAULT DETECTION:
• Fault detection shall be performed by FPI/FSI described before.Fault sensing shall be made
fromcurrent measurement and voltage presence detection,based on detection of the
electromagnetic field and its variations.
• FPI/FSI shall be of the programmable type, suitable for sensing:
a) Short-circuit faults
b) Low earth leakage faults down to 5A
• FPI/FSI shall detect faults based on two simultaneous tripping criteria:
a) In order to high fault currents(typically phase to phase faults), it shall operate when the phase
current exceeds an absolute threshold for a fixed duration of about 50ms.This absolute threshold
must be user configurable to different values preferably between 75A to 1500A based on
nominal currents.
b) In order to detect to low fault currents(typically phase to earth faults),it shall operate when it
detects phase current increase within a fixed duration(about 50ms) exceeds a relative threshold.
The fault indication shall be provided:

• By the means of a flashing light system offering a good contrast against sunshine (red colour) and
light emitting system at least 4500 hours (LEDs for instance).It shall provide a very high visibility of
an intensity of 40 Lumens (miimum) and give a 360 degree visibility angle from at least 50m in
sunny day conditions, and at least 300m at night. Total flash duration shall not be less than
800hrs.Flashing period for permanents faults shall be 1 flash in every 6s.
• GSM/GPRS interface shall itself forward alarm to the SCADA Control Centre according to its
configuration.
• The fault indication shall remain until:
a) Whatever condition comes first.
b) The medium voltage is back
c) The fault passage indicator is reset manual
The fault indication reset shall consist in:
1. Stopping the local light indication flashing.
2. The fault passage Indicator /Fault sensing indicator shall be selective in action as indicated
below
a) It shall not respond to any sudden variation(increase/decrease) in load current.
b) It shall not respond to an over current not due to a fault.
c) It shall not respond to high magnetising inrush currents,created upon line energising.
3. The FPI/FSI shall include some self-test possibility usable when it is on the line(powered or not).
4. Sending an alarm to the GSM/GPRS interface which shall itself forward this alarm to the SCADA
Control centre according to its configuration.
Communication with the control centre
• Communication between the GSM/GPRS interface and the SCADA Control Centre shall be through
GSM/GPRS network, dual-band 900 MHz,and using IEC 104 protocol.
• Each monitored information(fault current detection,voltage absence/presence,digital inputs etc..)
shall be configurable as “alarming” when changing state,individually and independently of others.
• Monitored information configurable as “alarming” shall include at least the following consisting
1) Fault detection appearance with indication of FPI/FSI reporting the fault and tripping criteri
tripped.
2) Fault detection disappearance with indication of FPI/FSI reporting the fault and tripping criteri
tripped.
3) Voltage absence
4) Voltage presence
5) FPI/FSI battery low
6) FPI/FSI absent (failure of the GSM/GPRS communication interface to communicate with it
through short range radio )
7) Change of state of a digital input
Detection of voltage presence and absence
• The Fault Passage Indicator/Fault Sensing indicator shall send a
message to the GSM/GPRS as soon as it detects disappearance or
appearance of voltage on the conductor. The GSM/GPRS Interface
shall then memorise the information as a time-stamped event and
send an alarm to the control centre according to its configuration.
Short range radio
• Short range radio shall use license free ISM band. It shall be designed
so that to allow a maximum distance between GSM/GPRS interface
and the fault passage indicators equal to 100m or more.
• Indicators of short range radio transmission quality shall be available
and dispayed by connection of a PC to the GSM/GPRS interface.
• Antennas for short-range radio communication shall be embedded in
or fixed on the products(GSM/GPRS interface and FPI) so that no
specific installation is required.
Measurements
The FPI/FSI shall continuously measure the current running in the conductor on which it is clipped and
periodically send the minimum, maximum and average values measured to control centre over IEC 104
Protocol. The GSM/GPRS interface shall then store this information to allow reading it locally by connecting
a PC oc remotely from the control centre. The sending period shall not be more than 1 hour.

Digital inputs
The GSM/GPRS interface shall allow connection on information from sensors available in the immediate
vicinity to potential free inputs. At least 6 potential free digital inputs shall be included in the GSM/GPRS
interface.

Event time stamping


Any change of state of information shall generate a time-stamped event stored in the GSM/GPRS interface
memory.
The event storage capacity shall be at least 100 stamped events.

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