GRAMMAR

By Guianne Rodge L. Igama

Competency :
Use Conditionals in Express
ing Arguments
 CONDITIONALS
Conditional Sentences Type 0
→ Used for scientific / general truth.
→ the situation is REAL and POSSIBLE
→ Form: if + Simple Present, + Simple Present
(if + Past Simple, + Past Simple)
→ Examples:
- If you heat butter, it melts.
- If I have time, I study English.
- Years ago if people travelled a long distance, the jou
rney took days.
“If” may be replaced by “when”.
 The structure of a
first conditional sentence

A first conditional sentence consists of two clauses, an "if" clause and a main clause:

if clause main clause

If you study hard, you will pass the test.

If the "if" clause comes first, a comma is usually used. If the "if" clause comes second, ther
e is no need for a comma:

main clause if clause

You will pass the test if you study hard.

 The structure and use of a
first conditional sentence

We use different verb forms in each part of a first conditional:

if clause if + subject + simple present verb

main clause subject + will + verb

The first conditional is used to talk about things which are possible in the present or the fut
ure -- things which may happen:

Example Explanation

If it's sunny, we'll go to the park. Maybe it will be sunny -- that's possible.

Paula will be sad if Juan leaves. Maybe Juan will leave -- that's possible.

If you cook the supper, I'll wash the dishes. Maybe you will cook the supper -- that's possible.
 CONDITIONALS
Conditional Sentences Type 1
→ It is possible and also very likely that the condition will be fulfi
lled.
→ Form: if + Simple Present, will (Future)
can/must/may
(if + Present Perfect, ) imperatives
→ Examples:
- If I find her address, I’ll send her an invitation.
- If you have studied for this exam, you will pass it.
- If it is hot today, we may go swimming.
- If you see her, don’t tell her I was here.
- If you go to the supermarket, you can buy some bread
 CONDITIONALS
Conditional Sentences Type 2
→ There is an unreal possibility that the condition will happen.

→ Form: if + Past Simple, would (Conditional)

could/might

→ Examples:
- If you did your homework more often, your teacher wouldn´t
get angry with you.
- If they left early, they might get to the theatre on time.
- If I were you, I wouldn´t buy that expensive coat.
- If I went to the supermarket I could get some bread.
 CONDITIONALS
Conditional Sentences Type 3
→ The important thing about the third conditional is that both t
he condition and result are impossible now.
→ Form: if + Past Perfect, would have + P.P.
could/might/should
have + P.P.

→ Examples:
- We would have come yesterday if we had known about it.
- If I had waited longer last night, I might have found out about i
t.
- If I had gone to the supermarket I could have bought some br
ead.
 CONDITIONALS

Other Conditionals
→ unless (if … not), in case, provided/providing (that),
as/so long as.
→ Examples:
- I´ll go swimming tomorrow unless it rains.
- You can play with your friends in your room provided
that you tidy up afterwards.
- I´ll help you as long as you come with me to the cine
ma.
- I´ll take my umbrella with me in case it rains.
 ACTIVITY

• On a 1 whole crosswise
 Put in the correct phrases and
form a conditional sentence (type
I, II, III). Watch the underlined
verbs.
Answers
 Match the sentence halves.
1 If I did more sport, A I had a party without telling
them .
2 I'd be really happy if
B I'd get much fitter.
3 If I could sing, C I'd go to South America.
4 My parents would be really D my father bought me a mot
angry if orbike.
E I'd be in a band.
5 If I studied harder,
F I'd go to the coast more oft
6 If I had a lot of money, en.
7 If I could drive, G I'd speak better English.
 Match the sentence halves.
1 If I did more sport, A I had a party without telling
them .
2 I'd be really happy if
B I'd get much fitter.
3 If I could sing, C I'd go to South America.
4 My parents would be really D my father bought me a mot
angry if orbike.
E I'd be in a band.
5 If I studied harder,
F I'd go to the coast more oft
6 If I had a lot of money, en.
7 If I could drive, G I'd speak better English.