Role of Collaborative Public Participation

And Web-Based GIS In Educational

Planning

Co-Supervised By Dr Atif Butt

Supervised By Sir Javed Sami
Department Of Space Science
University Of The Punjab
Collaboration ?
The action of working with someone to produce something.
Public Participation?
Public participation is based on the belief that those who are affected by a decision have a
right to be involved in the decision-making process. Public participation is the process by
which an organization consults with interested or affected individuals, organizations, and
government entities before making a decision. Public participation is two-way
communication and collaborative problem solving with the goal of achieving better and
more acceptable decisions.
GIS?
A geographic information system (GIS) is a computer-based tool for mapping and analyzing
things that exist and events that happen on Earth. GIS technology integrates common
database operations such as query and statistical analysis with the unique visualization and
geographic analysis benefits offered by maps. These abilities distinguish GIS from other
information systems
Components Of GIS
• A working GIS integrates five key components: hardware, software, data, people, and methods.
• Hardware
• Hardware is the computer on which a GIS operates. Today, GIS software runs on a wide range of hardware types, from centralized
computer servers to desktop computers used in stand-alone or networked configurations.
• Software
• GIS software provides the functions and tools needed to store, analyze, and display geographic information.
• Key software components are: · Tools for the input and manipulation of geographic information · A database management system
(DBMS) · Tools that support geographic query, analysis, and visualization · A graphical user interface (GUI) for easy access to tools
• Data
• Possibly the most important component of a GIS is the data. Geographic data and related tabular data can be collected in-house or
purchased from a commercial data provider. A GIS will integrate spatial data with other data resources and can even use a DBMS,
used by most organizations to organize and maintain their data, to manage spatial data.
• People
• GIS technology is of limited value without the people who manage the system and develop plans for applying it to real world
problems. GIS users range from technical specialists who design and maintain the system to those who use it to help them perform
their everyday work.
• Methods
• A successful GIS operates according to a well-designed plan and business rules, which are the models and operating practices
unique to each organization.
WEB-GIS
• Web GIS is a close term to Internet GIS. These two words are always
used as synonymous with each other. There is a slight difference
between these two words. The Internet supports many services with
the Web being one of these services. So we can call a system as
Internet GIS if it uses many of services of Internet not only Web
service and if it uses only Web we should name it Web GIS. This
definition makes Internet GIS boarder than Web GIS. In real world
Web is the most attractive service of Internet and it is why Web GIS is
more common than Internet GIS.
Introduction
• What is this research about?
• What is EPPGIS?
• What are OSS technologies?
Research About
This research has been established to find out a GIS-based public
participation framework for the educational planning and development
related issues.
It is important to prepare an application framework that will be useful
for sharing views, letting participants understand each other’s positions
and ideas during the spatial context related discussion of municipal
planning and development.
EPPGIS
(Education Planning Participatory GIS)
• OSS Technologies :
Research Methodology
• Review of relevant literatures:
• Firstly, the section discusses the abstractions of participatory planning and
necessity of the public participation in educational planning process and
development. Secondly, the benefits of Web OSS (Open Source Software)
technologies to date for solving the research questions are discussed.
• Evaluation of existing online PPGIS applications: Existing PPGIS
applications are evaluated for complying the approach used in second
chapter.
• Implementation and evaluation of the prototype: The prototype is
evaluated to determine to which extent the participation needs can be
fulfilled during the spatial contexts related discussions.
Research Objectives
• Determine participation needs and requirements for the discussions
related to spatial contexts in participatory planning after detailed analysis
of the Educational planning process and review of existing applications.
• Concludes to what extent proposed prototype fulfilled participation needs
by integrating the Web-based GIS with online participation forum
component.
• Construct Cost Effective OSS-based Solution
• Develop User-friendly, fast and accurate GIS-enabled public participation
platform.
• Provide knowledge-based resources with spatial context for new and
expert users.
 Objective Cont.
• How can the public be involved in school planning?
• What is the role of PPGIS in educational planning in Pakistan?
• What tools are needed to assist the public in participation?
• How should the tools be designed and implemented?
Evaluation of Existing PPGIS
• The GreenMap System (GMS)
Green Map was launched on March 25, 1995. With the involvement of the
O2 ecological design network It is a process of community mapping that has
developed over the last decade to serve as an important grass-roots
community movement. The process began with the development of a map
of New York City in 1992 called the Green Apple Map.
. Organizing the World geographically: Map Layers
In designing a typical web-based mapping application a thin client three-tier
architecture is followed (Peng and Tsou, 2003) . The application is now being
developed as a pilot application figure 3. The tool will have a multi-lingual
interface in Arabic and English with architecture based on OSS using OGC
compliant WMS technology, mySQL for the database and PHP scripting
language for the discussion forum.
• THE USE OF GEOGRAPHICAL APPLICATIONS FOR MICROPLANNING
SCHOOL LOCATIONS: THE @SCHOOL APP FOR PRESCHOOLS IN
GHENT, BELGIUM: (Greta Deruyter from ghent university)
In the first phase, an application was created that allowed the users to
retrieve relevant information for all nursery schools in Ghent such as
address, capacity, website, etc. In addition to its informational purpose,
a possibility of spatially analysing the data was added. By marking the
home location (or any other location), the user can explore at what
distances the surrounding schools are located based upon their
catchment area, thus pinpointing the school closest to the location.
Intended Use:
Intended use for these systems was to facilitate the Non-
professionals/general public.
Cost Effectiveness:
Only Interactive landscape planning system was designed using open source
software (OSS) technologies and therefore provided a cost-effective solution
as compare to others.
Communication Channels:
The system were not fully supported discussion forum framework for public
participation, so public has to search the discussion forum for exchanging the
information.
Problem Identification
• Cost Effectiveness: Secondly, the implementation of Web PPGIS in the
small municipalities is too costly for the local bodies.
• User-friendly Web Interfaces: Ma (2006) states a few “Web PPGIS
does not have a user-friendly interface for the general public”.
• Less Discussion Forum Support: Evans et al. (1999) and Ventura et al.
(2002), a few PPGIS frameworks allow the general public participants
to post their comments and exchange views with each other
effectively.
Prototype Design Architecture

shows technical design of a prototype Organizational Analysis- Soft System Methodology

Main Interfaces for EPPGIS
Limitations of Research
• Need more Communication Functions/Channels: The public may
need more communication channels to exchange their information or
suggestion, for instance, chatting and video-based public meetings
with collaboration of the spatial component.
• More GIS Mapping Functions: Spatial components need more GIS
mapping functions especially which are helpful during the public
discussions, for example, pictographic reference tool for providing the
snapshot of educational planning and under developing areas and
providing some effective ways.
Future Works
Will focus on Prototype Testing
Concluding Remarks
• The thesis has demonstrated that it is possible to implement a system which has
potential to involve the public during the educational planning related matters.
The concluding remarks are discussed as follow:
• Cost effective Solution: The ideology of using OSS has been demonstrated to be a
cost effective or economical solution to implement.
• Knowledge-based Resource: The intended use of the prototype is to provide
knowledge-based resources with spatial context for new (non-professional) and
expert users.
• User-friendly Interfaces: From a user’s point of view, the prototype offers easy-
to-use/user-friendly, fast, accurate and self-explanatory functions with additional
tool tips for interactive exploration of a geographically referenced discussion.
• Complement to Decision-making Process: Just similar to other a traditional
approaches, EPPGIS does not make the decision itself but can improve the
decision-making process.