NEEDS ANALYSIS

Sarah Febiyana Kusuma Xavio Jun N. Aula Mahkamatun N.

J1E017015 J1E017016 J1E017017
What are N E E D S?
One of the basic assumptions of
curriculum development is that a sound
educational program should be based
on an analysis of learners’ need.

Needs analysis are Procedures that used to

collect information about learners’ needs.
The term needs is not as straightforward as it
might appear, and hence the term is
sometimes used to refer to wants, desires,
demands, expectation, motivation, lacks,
constraints, and requirements.
 The Purpose of Needs Analysis
To find out what language To identify a gap between
skills a learner needs in what students are able to
To determine their order to perform a do and what they need to
formal knowledge particular role be able to do
of English

To determine their To determine what English

To collect information
language skills are necessary
communication about a particular
to eneble students to
abilities in English problem learners are
participate in all school and
experiencing
community activities in English
In many cases, learners’ language In other cases, learners’ needs
may be relatively easy to may not be so immediate – for
determine, particularly if learners example, students learning
need to learn a language for english as a secondary school
very specific purposes. subject in an EFL context. Here
For example, employment in English may be a compulsory
fields such as tourism, nursing, or subject that is considered an
the hotel industry. In this case important part of a child’s
the tasks employees typically general education.
carry out in English can be
observed and the language
needs of yhose task determined.
Determining the likely audiences is an important
first step in planning a needs analysis in order to
ensure that the information they need is obtained
and that the needs analysis will have the impact it
is designed to have.
What is identified as a need is dependent
on judgement and reflects the interests and values
of those making such a judgement. Teachers,
learners, employers, parents, and other
stakeholders may thus all have different views as
to what need are. A needs analysis may be
conducted for a variety of different users.

The Users of
Needs Analysis
For example, in conducting a needs analysis to help revise the secondary school English
currilum in a country, the end users include :

Curriculum Officers in the

Ministry of Education Teachers Learners

who may wish to use the information who will teach from the new who will be taught from the
to evaluate the adequacy of existing curriculum. curriculum.
syllabus, curriculum, and materials.

Writers Testing Personels Staffs of Tertiary Institution

who are interested in knowing
who are preparing new who are involved in developing
what the expected level will be
textbooks. end-of-school assessments.
of students existing the schools
and what problems they face,.
 Target Population
Target of population in a need analysis refers to
the people about whom information will be
collected. Typically in language programs these
will be language learners or potential language
learners, but others are also often involved
depending on whether they can provide
information useful in meeting the purpose of the
needs analysis..

In determining Target Population SAMPLING is very

important issue it use to determine number of Sample in big
Population, and number that influence of Sampling such as
Homogenity of Population in terms of Skill, Competence,
Interest, Attitude and etc.
Administering Need Analysis
Planning a needs analysis involves deciding
who will administer the neeeds analysis and
collect and analyze the results. Needs analysis
vary in their scope and demands, may from a
whole school in a country to a study of group of
some learners in one isntitution. Sometimes a
team of personal specifically assembled for the
purpose of doing the analysis and some
interested teachers may be the one who
involved.
For example
In a need analysis of the language needs of non English
background students studying at Cambridge University, The
following were involved.
•The researcher team made up of two academics and
research assistant.
•Colleagues in different departments who discussed the
project and reviewed sample questionaire.
•Student who piloted the questionaire.
•Academic staff who administered some questionaire.
•Secretarial support involved in preparing questionaire and
tabulating data.
Procedure for conducting
needs analysis
A variety of procedures can be used in
conducting needs analysis and the kin of
informaation obtained is often dependent of
the type of procedure selected. Since any
one source of information is likely to be
incomplete or partial, a triangular (i.e
collecting data from two or more sources)
approach is adviseable. Many different
sources of information sources of
information should be sought.

For example
When a need analysis of the writing problems encountered by foreign students ecrolled in American universities is
conducted, information could be obtained from the folllowing sources
•Samples of sudent writing •Analysis of textbooks teaching academic writing.
•Test data on student performance •Survey or related literature.
•Reports by teacher on typical students face •Examples of writing progras from other insttutions.
•Opinion of experts •Examples of writing assignments given to students.
•Information from students via questionaire or interview
 WAYS OF DISCOVERING NEEDS :

Self-report
Discovering • Written responses to a structured set of questions or to a

NEEDS
sentence completion task.
• Diary writing or some other form of extended written report.
• Group activities such as voting, ranking, brainstorming, or
problem solving.

Observation and Analysis

• Observation of skilled and unskilled writers performing target

tasks may reveal important areas that need attention during
a course.
• Analysis of the written products of target tasks such as
university assignments or exams can reveal the type of
language needed to perform the tasks well.

Interview
• Interview allow for a more in-depth exploration of issues
than questionnaires, though they take longer to administer
and are only feasible for smaller groups.
 NEEDS ANALYSIS TOOLS
Necessities 01
The first thing to look at in necessities is the
demands of the target tasks. The other is to
know what will learners have to do in their study.

Lacks 02
What do the learners lack? For example, are there
aspects of writing that were not practised in
their previous learning (L1, L2)?

Wants
03
Learners have their own views about what
they think is useful for them. So, teachers
should know what the learners’ wish to
learn.
Table 3.3
Methods and
Examples of
Need Analysis

Table 3.3 briefly suggests a range of tools for

using in needs analysis.
In this table are possible tools in more detail
by taking the case of an English for
academic purposes course which is preparing
learners of English for university study.
 Needs analysis is a kind of assessment and thus can
be evaluated by considering its reliability, validity
Evaluating
Education and practicality.
NPlan
EEDS RELIABILITY

Analysis consider about well-thought-

out; standardized tools. By
recording, checklist, or
observation.

PRACTICALITY

consider about
learner/teacher time
VALIDITY
efficiency, clear/easy to
understand result, easily consider about what is
incorporated to the relevant and important
curriculum design by using list or scale.
process.
THANK YOU!