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History - Types - Care - Parts & Functions - Focusing

- Microscopes have various parts that work together to magnify specimens. The main parts are the body tube, revolving nosepiece with objective lenses of different magnifications, eyepiece lenses, stage to hold slides, focus knobs and light source. - Proper microscope use involves starting with low power objectives, adding more light as needed, focusing up from the stage using coarse and fine focus knobs, and changing to higher power objectives while refocusing. When using high power oil immersion objectives, a drop of oil is needed between the slide and lens. - Microscopes require careful handling and cleaning to avoid damage to the lenses or specimens. Hands should be cleaned after use and microscopes stored properly.

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Red Bernaldez Nini
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20 views

History - Types - Care - Parts & Functions - Focusing

- Microscopes have various parts that work together to magnify specimens. The main parts are the body tube, revolving nosepiece with objective lenses of different magnifications, eyepiece lenses, stage to hold slides, focus knobs and light source. - Proper microscope use involves starting with low power objectives, adding more light as needed, focusing up from the stage using coarse and fine focus knobs, and changing to higher power objectives while refocusing. When using high power oil immersion objectives, a drop of oil is needed between the slide and lens. - Microscopes require careful handling and cleaning to avoid damage to the lenses or specimens. Hands should be cleaned after use and microscopes stored properly.

Uploaded by

Red Bernaldez Nini
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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• History

• Types
• Care
• Parts & functions
• Focusing
1665 – English
physicist, Robert
Hooke looked at a
sliver of cork
through a
microscope lens and
noticed some
"pores" or "cells" in
it.
•Compound Microscope
•Dissection Microscope
•Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)
•Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)
 Always carry with 2 hands
 Never touch the lenses with your fingers.
 Only use lens paper for cleaning
 Keep objects clear of desk and cords
 When you are finished with your "scope", rotate
the nosepiece so that it's on the low power
objective, roll the stage down to lowest level,
rubber band the cord, then replace the dust
cover.
Ocular lens
Body Tube

Revolving Nosepiece
Arm
Objective Lens

Stage
Stage
Clips Coarse adjustment knob
Diaphragm
Fine adjustment knob
Light

Base
Ocular lens

magnifies; where you


look through to see the
image of your specimen.
They are usually 10X or
15X power. Our
microscopes have an ocular
lens power of 10x.
supports the tube and
connects it to the
arm base
the flat platform
where you place
your slides
stage
moves stage (or body
tube) up and down

coarse adjustment knob


small, round knob on
the side of the
microscope used to
fine-tune the focus of
your specimen
fine adjustment knob
after using the coarse
adjustment knob
the bottom of the
microscope, used for
support

base
body tube

connects the eyepiece


to the objective
lenses
the part that holds two
or more objective lenses
revolving nosepiece
and can be rotated to
easily change power
Adds to the magnification
Usually you will find 3 or
4 objective lenses on a
microscope. They almost
objective lens
always consist of 4X, 10X,
40X and 100X
powers. When coupled
with a 10X (most common)
eyepiece lens, we get total
magnifications of 40X (4X
times 10X), 100X , 400X
and 1000X.
The shortest objective lenses
lens is the lowest power, the
longest one is the lens with
the greatest power. Lenses
are color coded.
The high power objective
lenses are retractable (i.e.
40XR). This means that if
they hit a slide, the end of
the lens will objective lenses
push in (spring loaded)
thereby protecting the lens
and the slide.
Stage clips hold the slides in
place. If your microscope
has a mechanical stage, you
will be able to move the
slide around by turning two
knobs. One stage clips
moves it left and right, the
other moves it up and down.
controls the amount of light
going through the specimen
Many microscopes have a
rotating disk under the
stage. This diaphragm has
different sized holes and is
diaphragm
used to vary the intensity
and size of the cone of light
that is projected upward into
the slide. There is no set rule
regarding which setting to use
for a particular power. Rather,
the setting is a function of the
transparency of the specimen,
the degree of contrastdiaphragm
you desire and the particular
objective lens in use.
makes the specimen
easier to see

light
The proper way to focus a microscope is
to start with the lowest power objective
lens first and while looking from the
side, crank the lens down as close to the
specimen as possible without touching
it. Now, look through the eyepiece lens
and focus upward only until the image
is sharp. If you can't get it in focus,
repeat the process again.
Once the image is sharp with the low
power lens, you should be able to
simply click in the next power lens and
do minor adjustments with the focus
knob. If your microscope has a fine
focus adjustment, turning it a bit should
be all that's necessary. Continue with
subsequent objective lenses and fine
focus each time.
Rotate to 40x objective, locate desired
portion of specimen in the center of the
field. Refocus very carefully so that the
specimen is focused as sharply as
possible. (Do not
alter focus for the
Following steps )
Partially rotate so that 40x and 100x
objectives straddle the specimen.
Place a small drop of oil on the slide in
the center of the lighted area. (Take care
not to dribble on the stage.)
Put the small drop
of oil directly over
the area of the
specimen to be
Examined.
Rotate so that the 100x oil immersion
objective touches the oil and clicks into
place.
Focus only with fine focus. Hopefully,
the specimen will come into focus easily.
Do not change focus dramatically.
Clean up!: When you have finished for
the day, wipe the 100x oil immersion
objective carefully with lens paper to
remove all oil. Wipe oil from the slide
thoroughly with a Kimwipe. Cleanse
stage should any oil have spilled on it.
Recap the immersion oil container
securely, replace in drawer.

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