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Geologic Processes On Earth's Surface

1) Geologic processes on the Earth's surface, called exogenic processes, include weathering, erosion, transportation, and deposition. They are caused by external factors like the atmosphere. 2) These processes are destructive and sculpt the Earth's surface over time. They include degradation processes like weathering and mass wasting, and aggradation processes like deposition. 3) Weathering breaks down rocks through physical and chemical processes brought on by factors like temperature changes, water, and biological activity. Erosion then transports this weathered material from one location to another through agents such as water, wind, and gravity. Deposition occurs when the transported material is finally deposited in a new location.

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150 views

Geologic Processes On Earth's Surface

1) Geologic processes on the Earth's surface, called exogenic processes, include weathering, erosion, transportation, and deposition. They are caused by external factors like the atmosphere. 2) These processes are destructive and sculpt the Earth's surface over time. They include degradation processes like weathering and mass wasting, and aggradation processes like deposition. 3) Weathering breaks down rocks through physical and chemical processes brought on by factors like temperature changes, water, and biological activity. Erosion then transports this weathered material from one location to another through agents such as water, wind, and gravity. Deposition occurs when the transported material is finally deposited in a new location.

Uploaded by

Lian Aen
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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GEOLOGIC

PROCESSES ON THE
EARTH’S SURFACE
 .Exogenic processes include
geological phenomena and
processes that originate externally
to the Earth's surface. They are
genetically related to the
atmosphere, hydrosphere and
biosphere, and therefore to
processes of weathering, erosion,
transportation, and deposition.
 * refers to activities or phenomena that occur
on the Earth’s surface.
 * are very destructive, they are responsible for
degradation, and sculpting the Earth’s surface.
 Degradation Processes
 *Weathering
 *Mass Wasting
 *Erosion
 Agradation Processes
 *Deposition
 Is the breakdown of rocks at the Earth’s
surface, by the action of rainwater, extremes of
temperature, and biological activity.

 Why does Weathering occur?


 *it occurs because the rocks that are exposed at
the surface are at a very different temperature
and pressure than they formed. When the rocks
are exposed at the surface or near surface they
are under atmospheric temperatures and
pressures.
 Is a natural process which is usually made by
rock and soil being loosened from the erosion
earth’s surface at one location and moved to
another.

 Agents of Erosion:
 1.Water
 2.Wind
 3. Gravity
 makes erosion complete, because it
is the part that involves the
movement of the eroded materials
or sediments.

Transport by water:
Everyday, millions of tonnes of sediments are moved along rivers,
coasts and deep oceans. Water transport occurs in four ways:
Traction, saltation, fine particles and soluble salts.

Transport by wind:
Wind transport can result in stunning landscapes as sand is blown
away from place to place. In the deserts, dunes are created. Wind
can also create sand storms and destroy farms by blowing away
the topsoil of large farms.
Faster flowing rivers can carry heavier rocks or drag them along
the riverbed. As the rocks move, they are smoothened by the
abrasive effect. Transport makes that possible. Winds can also
carry tiny rocks or sand and move them to other places.
 the geological process in which sediments, soil
and rocks are added to a landform or land
mass. Wind, ice, water, and gravity transport
previously weathered surface material, which,
at the loss of enough kinetic energy in the fluid,
is deposited, building up layers of sediment.
 -Weathering is the alteration and breakdown of
rock minerals and rock masses when they are
exposed to the atmosphere. Weathering
processes occur in situ, that is in the same
place, with no major movement of rock
materials involved. Weathering is a
fundamental earths process. Weathering
changes rocks from a hard state to become
much softer and weaker, making them more
easily eroded.
 -Mechanical(Physical)Weathering
 -Chemical Weathering
 -Rocks are broken apart by physical
processes(heat, water, ice, pressure,
temperature, etc.)
 -The overall chemical makeup of the rock stays
the same.
 -Each piece has characteristics similar to the
original rock.
 -Unloading
 -Freeze Thaw Weathering
 -Thermal Expansion and Contraction
 -Salt Crystal Growth
 -Hydration
 -Chemical reactions dissolve ore
change the minerals in rocks or
change them into different minerals.
 -Oxidation

 -Solution
and Carbonation
 -Hydrolysis
Variability in weathering:
Climate, the type of rock and
the nature and amount of
fractures or other weaknesses
in the rock are major influences
on the effectiveness of the
various weathering processes.
Climate Factors
. In almost all environments,
physical and chemical
weathering processes operate
together, even though one of
these categories usually
dominates
Rock Type
Rocks that are resistant in a
climate dominated by chemical
weathering may be weak where
physical weathering processes
dominate and vice versa.
Structural Weaknesses
-JOINTS AND FRACTURES are the most abundant
signs of strain and deformation in rocks.
-The term fracture is general and includes any break
in rocks.
-There are four principal classes of fractures: joints,
faults, folds, and small irregular breaks.
-Joints are more or less regular groups of fractures
paralleled by little or no movement or orientation of
rock component.
-SPHEROIDAL WEATHERING
-Spheroidal Weathering is a chemical process that
occurs in large blocks of rock.
Differential Weathering and Erosion
-Weathering and erosion occur at varying
rates within a given area. The variation is
caused by differences in resistance or
susceptibility of various rock types to
weathering and erosion.
-The scale of differential weathering and erosion can
vary greatly, as almost all rock masses are affected.
On a small scale different minerals in the rock will
vary in resistance so that rock surfaces become pitted
or rough from differential weathering. On a larger
scale, the resistance or susceptibility of various rock
types to weathering and erosion can result in the
formation of ridges and valleys.
What’s the difference between
weathering and erosion?

-Weathering involves two


processes(physical and chemical) that
often work in concert to decompose
rocks. Both processes occur in place. No
movements involved in weathering.

As soon as rock particle(loosened by one


of the two weathering processes)moves,
we call it erosion or mass wasting.

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