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Ira Anggraini Reffa Rizkyani Irawan Salsabila Hani Rahmatari

The document discusses different types of non-finite verb forms: gerunds, infinitives, and participles. It provides examples of how each can be used in sentences, including as objects, subjects, objects of prepositions. It explains how gerunds and participles can function as nouns or adjectives. Key points covered include how to form gerunds, infinitives, regular and irregular participles, and their various positions and functions within sentences.

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Reffa Rizkyani Irawan
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62 views13 pages

Ira Anggraini Reffa Rizkyani Irawan Salsabila Hani Rahmatari

The document discusses different types of non-finite verb forms: gerunds, infinitives, and participles. It provides examples of how each can be used in sentences, including as objects, subjects, objects of prepositions. It explains how gerunds and participles can function as nouns or adjectives. Key points covered include how to form gerunds, infinitives, regular and irregular participles, and their various positions and functions within sentences.

Uploaded by

Reffa Rizkyani Irawan
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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IRA ANGGRAINI

REFFA RIZKYANI IRAWAN


SALSABILA HANI RAHMATARI

KELOMPOK 9
GERUND
Gerund is the –ing form of a verb used as a noun.
o To form gerunds, use
Example : I like
the base form + ing swimming

o To form negative gerunds,use


Example : Not speaking English
not + gerund well is my biggest problem in
this country
GERUND’S POSITION IN A SENTENCE
 Gerunds used as objects
Example : Traveling might satisfy yourdesire for new
experiences.
 Gerund as object of preposition
Example : They do not appreciate my singing
 Gerund functioning as subject
Example : Reading is my most beneficial summer activity.
 Gerund phrase, functioning as subject
Example: eating on the run is one of the most unhealthy
american habits.
 Gerund phrase, functioning as direct object
Example : the teacher simply cannot excuse sleeping during
class
TANPA TAMBAHAN AGENT

acknowledge, admit, advise, anticipate,


appreaciate,avoid, begin, celebrate,
consider, continue, deny, discuss, dislike,
endure, enjoy, finish, forget, give up, hate,
help, practice, prefer, recommend, regret,
remember, start, stop, teach, understand

Example: I hate working with him.


The student has finishedstudying.
PERLU TAMBAHAN AGENT

hear, watch, see

Example : We heard him singing the song.


(him= agent)
I saw the man walking on the street.
(the man= agent)
INFINITIVE
Infinitive is to + the simple form of a verb
 To form infinitives use
to + base form of the
verb
Example : I want to dance
Not + infinitive

• To form negative infinitives use

Example : He decided not to go to the party.


Infinitive position in a sentence
• Infinitives in the subject position
Example : To live in the United States is my dream.
• infinitive of purpose
Example : I came here in order to learn.
• Too + adjective or adverb + infinitive
Example : She is too young to vote
• Adjective or adverb + enough + infinitive
Example : They are old enough to vote.
PARTICIPLE
• Participles come in two varieties: past and
present. They are two of the five forms
or principal parts that every verb has.

Regular verbs
Irregular verbs
Functions Of Participles.
• Participles have three functions in sentences.
They can be components of multipart verbs,
or they can function as adjectives or nouns.
1. Participles in Multipart Verbs
2. Participles as Adjectives
3. Participles as Nouns
Participles in Multipart Verbs

A verb can have as many as four parts. When you form multipart verbs, you
use a combination of auxiliary verbs and participles. Look at the examples
below:
o Our pet alligator ate Mrs. Olsen's poodle.
o Ate = simple past tense [no participle].
o With a broom, Mrs. Olsen was beating our alligator over the head in an
attempt to retrieve her poodle.
o Was = auxiliary verb; beating = present participle.
o Our pet alligator has been stalking neighborhood pets because my brother
Billy forgets to feed the poor reptile.
o Has = auxiliary verb; been = past participle; stalking = present participle.
o Our pet alligator should have been eating Gator Chow, crunchy nuggets that
Billy leaves for him in a bowl.
o Should, have = auxiliary verbs; been= past participle; eating = present
participle.
Participles as Adjectives

Past and present participles often function as


adjectives that describe nouns. Here are some examples:

• The crying baby drew a long breath and sucked in a


spidercrouching in the corner of the crib.
• Which baby? The crying baby. Which spider? The one that
was crouching in the corner.
• The mangled pair of sunglasses, bruised face, broken arm,
andbleeding knees meant Genette had taken another spill
on her mountain bike.
• Which pair of sunglasses? The mangled pair. Which face?
The bruised one. Which arm? The brokenone. Which
knees? The bleeding ones.
Participles as Nouns

Present participles can function as nouns—thesubjects, direct objects, indirect objects,objects of


prepositions, and subject complements in sentences. Whenever a present participle functions as a
noun, you call it a gerund. Take a look at these examples:

• Sneezing exhausts Steve, who requires eight tissues and twenty-seven Gesundheits before he is
done.
• Sneezing = the subject of the verb exhausts.
• Valerie hates cooking because scraping burnt gook out of pans always undermines her enjoyment
of the food.
• Cooking = the direct object of the verb hates.
• We gave bungee jumping a chance.
• Bungee jumping = indirect object of the verb gave.
• Joelle bit her tongue instead ofcriticizing her prom date's powder blue tuxedo.
• Criticizing = object of the prepositioninstead of.
• Omar's least favorite sport iswater-skiing because a bad spill once caused him to lose his swim
trunks.
• Water-skiing = the subject complement of the verb is.

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