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Quantitative?: - Births, Deaths, Sales Figures and Tax Returns

This document provides an overview of key concepts in statistics, including: 1) Statistics is the collection, organization, analysis, and interpretation of data. It has two main divisions: descriptive statistics which summarizes data, and inferential statistics which draws conclusions about populations from samples. 2) Variables can be discrete like counts of objects, or continuous involving measurements. Independent variables are used to predict dependent variables. Variables can also be qualitative involving attributes, or quantitative involving measurements. 3) A population is the total set being studied, while a sample is a subset selected from the population. Surveys and experiments are two common methods of data collection. 4) There are different scales of measurement for variables including nominal

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Jasarine Cabigas
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32 views

Quantitative?: - Births, Deaths, Sales Figures and Tax Returns

This document provides an overview of key concepts in statistics, including: 1) Statistics is the collection, organization, analysis, and interpretation of data. It has two main divisions: descriptive statistics which summarizes data, and inferential statistics which draws conclusions about populations from samples. 2) Variables can be discrete like counts of objects, or continuous involving measurements. Independent variables are used to predict dependent variables. Variables can also be qualitative involving attributes, or quantitative involving measurements. 3) A population is the total set being studied, while a sample is a subset selected from the population. Surveys and experiments are two common methods of data collection. 4) There are different scales of measurement for variables including nominal

Uploaded by

Jasarine Cabigas
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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QUANTITATIVE?

• Births, deaths, sales figures and tax


returns
STATISTICS
STATISTICS
•Is the theory and method of
collecting, organizing,
presenting, analyzing, and
interpreting data.
DIVISION OF STATISTICS
• DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS-is concerned with the
gathering, classification, and presentation of
data and summarizing values to describe
group characteristics of the data.
• The most common of which are the measures
of central value, variability, skewness and
kurtosis.
DIVISION OF STATISTICS

• INFERENTIAL STATISTICS-is concerned with


drawing conclusions about a population based
on pre-selected samples from the same
population.
VARIABLE
•Is an observable characteristics of
a person, or object being studied.
•Examples are: height, weight,
temperature, scores in exam, IQ,
etc.
TYPES OF VARIABLES

• DISCRETE VARIABLE-is one whose values


are obtained by counting.
• Examples: births, deaths, students in class,
birds in captivity.
TYPES OF VARIABLES

• CONTINUOUS VARIABLE-is one whose


values are obtained from measurements.
• Examples: age, IQ, temperature, weight,
height, mass, etc.
PREDICTOR

• INDEPENDENT VARIABLE-is use to predict


the value of one variable on the basis of
another.
PREDICTAND

• DEPENDENT VARIABLE-is the variable


whose value is being predicted.
AREA OF A CIRCLE?
CLASSIFICATION OF VARIABLES

•QUALITATIVE-if it take on the form


of attributes or characteristics.
•Examples: race, gender, religion,
etc.
CLASSIFICATION OF VARIABLES

•QUANTITATIVE-if they come as


measurements.
•Examples: weights, heights,
temperature, etc.
POPULATION
•Is the totality of objects of a
certain class or
characteristics in
consideration.
SAMPLE
•Is a finite number of objects
selected from a population
possessing characteristics
identical to those of the
population.
SURVEY

•Is done if factors which may


affect the investigation are
not taken into
consideration.
EXPERIMENT

•Is a method wherein effort


is exerted to control the
factors which may affect the
variable in question.
SCALES OF MEASUREMENT
• NOMINAL SCALE-objects are grouped so
that all those in a single class or category
are equal with respect to some attribute
or property.
• Examples: race, religion, marital status,
dichotomous responses, etc.
SCALES OF MEASUREMENT
• ORDINAL SCALE-when the researcher can
detect differing degrees of an attribute or
property of the variable in question.
• Examples: hardness of materials, high,
average, or low IQ’s, ranking, graded
response, etc.
SCALES OF MEASUREMENT

• INTERVAL SCALE-this scale uses an origin


and a unit of distance is introduced.
• Examples: Fahrenheit and Celsius scales,
grading system.
SCALES OF MEASUREMENT

• RATIO SCALE-takes into account the


interval size and the ratio of two numbers.
• Examples: height, weight, age, etc.
QUESTIONS?

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