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Teaching of Grammar Presentation1

This document discusses lexical and sentence level concepts. It defines morphemes as the smallest units of meaning and describes the two types: free and bound morphemes. Words are classified into open and closed word classes. Bound morphemes are also known as affixes, which can be prefixes or suffixes. Sentences contain a subject and predicate and can be declarative, interrogative, imperative or exclamatory. Clauses and phrases are also discussed, along with ways to connect sentences through coordination, subordination and sentence connectors.

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TAyyaba Ikhlas
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62 views18 pages

Teaching of Grammar Presentation1

This document discusses lexical and sentence level concepts. It defines morphemes as the smallest units of meaning and describes the two types: free and bound morphemes. Words are classified into open and closed word classes. Bound morphemes are also known as affixes, which can be prefixes or suffixes. Sentences contain a subject and predicate and can be declarative, interrogative, imperative or exclamatory. Clauses and phrases are also discussed, along with ways to connect sentences through coordination, subordination and sentence connectors.

Uploaded by

TAyyaba Ikhlas
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lexical and Sentence Level

Morphemes
Smallest unit of meaning
e.g. boy wait
Two types of morphemes:
1. Free (or ‘base’)- Stands on its own
2. Bound- Does not make sense on its own
e.gs. Books Standing Stout
Some words possess both qualities:
e.g. Less Full
Classes
Words are classified into different structural
categories known as classes. E.gs. nouns and
articles
Classes are of two types:
1. Open/Lexical (e.gs. Nouns, Verbs, Adjectives
etc.)
2. Closed/Grammatical- Hold lexical buildings
bricks together (e.gs. Articles, Prepositions etc.)
Bound Morphemes are also
known as affixes
Affixes are categorized into the following types:
1. Prefixes- Added before the word
E.g. Incomplete Unlucky
2. Suffixes- Added after the word
E.g. Replacement Slowly
Changes in Word Form
Inflection implies change in the form of a word that
acts as a grammatical signal e.g. inflected to show
time
Derivational Change implies modification in the
form of a word which involves the change in class
e.g. changing a noun into an adjective
Identification of Inflection or
Derivational Change?
Misty Cats Sister’s Wooden

Writer Speaking Dramatic Slowly


Sentences
A group of words which makes complete sense
A sentence usually contains a subject (indentifies
the person/thing being talked about) and a
predicate (tells us something about the subject).
The verb(s) is/are part of the predicate.
1. The old man / was walking slowly on the
highway.
2. There are two pens on the table.
Sentence Types I
Sentences can be classified according to their
functions:
1. Declarative or Assertive- Make statements or
assertions
2. Interrogative- Ask questions
3. Imperative- Begins with a verb and the subject is
implied; includes a command, an order, a
suggestion, an advice or a request
Sentence Types I (cont.)
4. Exclamatory- Express strong feelings
Examples: Identify the sentence type-
1. What a day
2. Stop talking
3. Return the pen
4. This is awesome
5. Sauté the onions
Clauses and Phrases
A clause is a group of words in a sentence that has a
subject and a predicate. It is lesser in status than a
sentence.
There are two types of clauses:
1. Independent- Makes sense on its own
2. Dependent- Does not make sense on its own
A phrase is a group of words which do not make
complete sense
Coordination
Coordinators are conjunctions which link
independent clauses. Examples:
And Additional Idea
But, yet Contrasting Idea
For Reason
Or Choice of 2 possibilities
So Result
Nor Negative choice
Subordination
Subordinators are conjunctions which link two
clauses in such a way that one clause becomes
dependent on the other. Examples include:
When Since
Which As
That Because
Where So that
While Although
As soon as Though
After Even though
Sentence Connectors
Sentence connectors coordinate or link
independent clauses or sentences. Examples:
Furthermore, Moreover, In addition & Also

Additional Idea
However, Nevertheless & In contrast

Contrasting Ideas
Otherwise Choice of two possibilities
Sentence Connectors (cont.)
Thus, Therefore & Consequently

Result
Sentence Types II
Sentences can be classified according to structure:
1. Simple- An independent clause
2. Compound- Independent Clause + Coordinating
Conjunction/;Sentence Connector, +
Independent Clause
3. Complex- Independent Clause + [Subordinator
+] Dependent Clause (in any order)
4. Compound Complex- 2 or more Independent
Clauses + 1 or more Dependent Clauses
Identification of Sentence
Structure
1. Although he ran extremely fast, he could not
win the race; thus he felt terribly disappointed.
2. She worked very hard, but she could not achieve
good grades.
3. Since its worldwide release in November 2013,
Frozen has grossed around $714 in box office
revenue.
Identification of Sentence
Structure (cont.)
4. While planning the marketing strategy, decisions
taken about the product features, price,
distribution and promotion affects the business
performance.
5. Kellogg's Pop-Tarts failed in Britain because the
percentage of British homes with toasters was
significantly lower than in the United States, and
the product was too sweet for British tastes.
Identification of Sentence
Structure (cont.)
6. The number of black immigrants entering Britain
needed to be restricted as they were posing a
threat to British society.
7. After strikes and violent confrontations, the
government withdrew its economic reform plans.

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