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How To Teach Grammar From Examples

The document discusses two approaches to teaching grammar: deductive and inductive. The inductive approach involves students studying examples and deriving grammar rules, while the deductive approach presents rules first. The document provides examples of using minimal sentence pairs, generative situations, and concordance data to teach grammar inductively. It notes benefits and challenges of each approach and that research has not clearly shown one is superior. Learners often initially prefer being told rules but can appreciate solving problems through inductive learning.

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meilian tonapa
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115 views16 pages

How To Teach Grammar From Examples

The document discusses two approaches to teaching grammar: deductive and inductive. The inductive approach involves students studying examples and deriving grammar rules, while the deductive approach presents rules first. The document provides examples of using minimal sentence pairs, generative situations, and concordance data to teach grammar inductively. It notes benefits and challenges of each approach and that research has not clearly shown one is superior. Learners often initially prefer being told rules but can appreciate solving problems through inductive learning.

Uploaded by

meilian tonapa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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How to teach

Grammar from
Examples
Two Basic Ways to Achieve
Understanding of a Rule:

1. Deductive (rule-driven) path


2. Inductive learning (rule-discovery) path
 Without having met the rule.
 Learner studies examples.
 Derives on understanding of the rule.
Starts with some
examples from which
a rule is inferred.
INDUCTIVE
APPROACH
(DISCOVERY
LEARNING) Students are given
samples and the
teacher guides them in
discovering the
grammar rules used in
the samples.
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
Make the rules more meaningful, May mislead students that the rule is the
memorable and serviceable. objective instead of the meaning.

Mental effort involved ensures a greater Time consuming


degree of cognitive depth (greater
memorability)

Students are actively involved. Students may hypothesize wrong rule

An approach which favors pattern Place heavy demands on teachers in


recognition and problem solving abilities. planning a lesson.

Extra language practice (if problem solving is Frustrates students who prefer simply to be
done collaboratively) told the rules.

Self reliance.
• Inductive learning  the way one acquires
his/her first language.
• For Inductive learning to work best, it
requires:
1. Intervention of syllabus designer, or
2. Intervention of materials writer, or
3. Intervention of teacher, or
4. All three
• In Inductive learning  it was NOT thought
necessary to draw learners’ attention to an
explicit statement of grammar rules.
Inductive Teaching Examples
Using ‘Generative Situation’
Using Discovery Approach
Using Minimal Sentence Pairs

• To teach differences between Past Simple and


Present Perfect

(Teacher writes the following three sets of


sentences on the board.)
1. a. I have seen all of Jim Carrey’s movies.
b. I saw Jim Carrey’s latest movie last
month.
2. a. Laila has worked for three different
companies since 1990.
b. Laila worked for Pura Barutama in
1996.
3. a. Have you ever been to Papua?
b. When were you in Papua?
VS
Using Concordance Data
• A concordance: a collection of the instances of
a word or phrase, organized in such a way as to
display its immediate linguistic environment.
• With concordance, you can:
 Make indexes and word lists
 Count word frequencies
 Compare different usages of a word
 Analyze keywords
 Find phrases and idioms
 Publish to the web
 … and much more
• Concordance is being used in:
 Language teaching and learning
 Data mining and data clean-up
 Literary and linguistic scholarship
 Translation and language engineering
 Corpus linguistics
 Natural language software development
 Lexicography
 Content analysis in many disciplines including
accountancy, history, marketing, musicology,
politics, geography, and media studies.
• Relative benefits of Deductive and Inductive
methods  unconvincing, according to
research findings.
• Some evidences suggest  some kinds of
language items are better ‘given’ than
‘discovered’.
• When surveyed  most learners tend to
prefer deductive presentations of grammar.
• However, once exposed to inductive
approaches  less resistance since they see
the benefits of solving language problems
themselves.

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