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Sampling Methods - PR2

1. The document discusses different sampling methods used in research, including probability sampling techniques like simple random sampling, stratified sampling, cluster sampling, and systematic sampling. 2. It also covers non-probability sampling methods such as convenience sampling, quota sampling, judgmental sampling, snowball sampling, and consecutive sampling. 3. The sampling methods vary in how samples are selected from a population, with probability methods selecting randomly and non-probability relying on the researcher's judgment.

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Florens Bagat
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3K views

Sampling Methods - PR2

1. The document discusses different sampling methods used in research, including probability sampling techniques like simple random sampling, stratified sampling, cluster sampling, and systematic sampling. 2. It also covers non-probability sampling methods such as convenience sampling, quota sampling, judgmental sampling, snowball sampling, and consecutive sampling. 3. The sampling methods vary in how samples are selected from a population, with probability methods selecting randomly and non-probability relying on the researcher's judgment.

Uploaded by

Florens Bagat
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SAMPLING METHODS

PROBABILITY SAMPLING
• Probability Sampling is a sampling technique in which sample from a
larger population are chosen using a method based on the theory of
probability.
• The most important requirement of probability sampling is that
everyone in your population has a known and an equal chance of
getting selected.
• For example, if you have a population of 100 people every person
would have odds of 1 in 100 for getting selected.
1. Simple Random Sampling
• This sampling method is as easy as assigning numbers to the
individuals (sample) and then randomly choosing from those
numbers through an automated process.
• There are two ways in which the samples are chosen in this method
of sampling: Lottery system and using number generating software/
random number table.
2. Stratified Sampling
• It involves a method where a larger population can be divided into
smaller groups.
• A common method is to arrange or classify by sex, age, ethnicity and
similar ways.
• Splitting subjects into mutually exclusive groups and then using
simple random sampling to choose members from groups.
3. Cluster Sampling
• Cluster Sampling is a way to randomly select participants when they
are geographically spread out.
• For example, if you wanted to choose 100 participants from the entire
population of the U.S., it is likely impossible to get a complete list of
everyone. Instead, the researcher randomly selects areas (i.e. cities or
counties) and randomly selects from within those boundaries.
• Cluster sampling usually analyzes a particular population in which the
sample consists of more than a few elements, for example, city,
family, university etc.
4. Systematic Sampling
• It is when you choose every “nth” individual to be a part of the
sample.
• For example, you can choose every 5th person to be in the sample.
NON-PROBABILITY SAMPLING
• Non-probability sampling is a sampling technique in which the
researcher selects samples based on the subjective judgment of the
researcher rather than random selection.
• In non-probability sampling, not all members of the population have a
chance of participating in the study.
• Non-probability sampling is most useful for exploratory studies.
• Non-probability sampling is used in studies where it is not possible to
draw random probability sampling due to time or cost considerations.
• This sampling method depends heavily on the expertise of the
researchers.
1. Convenience Sampling
• It is a non-probability sampling technique where samples are selected from
the population only because they are conveniently available to researcher.
• These samples are selected only because they are easy to recruit and
researcher did not consider selecting sample that represents the entire
population.
• An example of convenience sampling would be using student volunteers
known to researcher. Researcher can send the survey to students and they
would act as sample in this situation.
• There are no criteria that need to be considered to be a part of this sample
and due to which it becomes extremely simplified to include elements in this
sample. Every element of the population is eligible to be a part of this sample
and is dependent on the proximity to the researcher to get included in the
sample.
3. Quota Sampling
• The researcher wants to study the career goals of male and female
employees in an organization. There are 500 employees in the
organization. These 500 employees are known as population.
• The researcher is interested in particular strata within the population.
• For studying the career goals of 500 employees, technically the
sample selected should have proportionate numbers of males and
females.
• The researchers can form a sample involving individuals that
represent a population and are chosen according to traits or qualities.
4. Judgmental/Purposive Sampling
• The samples are selected based purely on researcher’s knowledge
and credibility.
• In other words, researchers choose only those who he feels are a
right fit (with respect to attributes and representation of a
population) to participate in research study.
• Purposive sampling is used where there is time-constraint for sample
creation and the authorities involved would prefer relying on their
knowledge and not on other sampling method.
5. Snowball Sampling
• Chain-referral sampling
• Researchers use this technique when the sample size is small and not
easily available.
• For example, this type of sampling can be used to conduct research
involving a particular illness in patients or a rare disease.
• Researchers can seek help from subjects to refer other subjects
suffering from the same ailment to form a subjective sample to carry
out the study.
5. Consecutive Sampling
• The researcher picks a single person or a group of sample, conducts
research over a period of time, analyzes the results and then moves
on to another subject or group of subject if needed.
• It gives the researcher a chance to work with many subjects and fine
tune his/her research by collecting results that have vital insights.
• Here, a researcher can accept the null hypothesis, if not the null
hypothesis, then its alternative hypothesis and if neither of them is
applicable then a researcher can select another pool of samples and
conduct the research or the experiment once again before finally
making a research decision.

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