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Gps - Uses and Advantages

This document discusses GPS surveying techniques. It describes the basic concepts of GPS including its space, control and user segments. It then discusses several uses of GPS for navigation, exploration, transportation, mapping and monitoring. The document outlines five common GPS surveying techniques: static, fast static, kinematic, real-time kinematic and pseudo-kinematic. It provides details on the procedures, equipment needs and accuracy of each technique.

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Arun
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579 views

Gps - Uses and Advantages

This document discusses GPS surveying techniques. It describes the basic concepts of GPS including its space, control and user segments. It then discusses several uses of GPS for navigation, exploration, transportation, mapping and monitoring. The document outlines five common GPS surveying techniques: static, fast static, kinematic, real-time kinematic and pseudo-kinematic. It provides details on the procedures, equipment needs and accuracy of each technique.

Uploaded by

Arun
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SURVEYING – II (CE6404)

UNIT – IV : GPS SURVEYING

Basic Concepts - Different segments - space, control and


user segments - satellite configuration - signal structure -
Orbit determination and representation - Anti Spoofing
and Selective Availability - Task of control segment – Hand
Held and Geodetic receivers –data processing - Traversing
and triangulation.
USES OF GPS
GPS is a complex system that can be used many
ways

GPS is used for navigation in marine and air perhaps

It is used for exploration, transportation,


management, structural monitoring and various types
of automation

GPS techniques permit the collection of data on


specified profile, cross-section, and boundary
locations, contours may be plotted from the collected
data
Continue…
GPS is very useful for layout works. One base
receiver supported by many rover receivers permits
the instantaneous layout of boundaries, pipelines,
roads and building locations

It is useful for open pit mining.

GPS data useful for prepare mapping

GPS are becoming very effective tools for GIS data


capture
Continue…
GPS was conceived and constructed for the use of
military.

 The use of GPS in spacecraft has been widespread

It is useful for identified the landslide locations

It is useful for identified earthquake locations


ADVANTAGES OF GPS
There is no need for intervisibility between stations

Independent of weather conditions as a result of


using radio frequencies to tranmit the signals

Result in position of accuracy

The points can be established wherever they are


required and not be located evenly distributed sites

More efficient, flexible and less time consuming


positioning technique than the conventional survey
technologies
Continued….
It can be used to obtain high accuracy three
dimensional information, anywhere and any time with
relatively little effort on a global datum

The GPS instrumentation and the data processing


software do not radically change even if very high or
moderately high accuracies are required
DISADVANTAGES OF GPS
GPS requires that there is clear opening to sky
without any obstruction to the signal by overhanging
branches or structures.
One needs careful advanced planning to realize true
potential of GPS.
 Various issued related to transportation, travel and
logistic support need to be sorted out before actual
survey work for higher efficiency
Frequently, GPS surveyed sites may not be useful
for conventional surveys due to intervisibility, shape
and geometry requirements
Continued…

 GPS vertical information is not available in


universally acceptable geoid based height system, GPS
heights have to be reduced to a sea level datum by
suitable information

 GPS instrumentation is still comparatively


expensive. Although the price of one receiver is likely
to soon match that of a theodolite EDM instrument,
generally a minimum of two are required for most
survey works
GPS SURVEYING TECHNIQUES

There are several different field techniques for GPS


surveying using carrier frequency.

These techniques could be used singly or in


combination in some surveying projects.

Unlike conventional surveys, planning is an


important part of any GPS survey, regardless of the
technique used.
Continued…

Following are the techniques that are commonly


used:

1. Static
2. Fast Static (Rapid Static)
3. Kinematic
4. Real Time kinematic
5. Peudo-kinematic (Pseudo-static)
1. Static Mode of GPS surveying

This method, sometimes called static surveying, is


used in projects that require high accuracy
The duration of data collection depends on
Required precision
Number of visible satellites
Satellite Geometry
Whether the receivers are single frequency or
dual frequency
Distance between receivers
2. Fast Static Mode of GPS surveys

Fast static or rapid static was a method developed


for dual frequency receivers

Field requirements and procedure for fast static are


same as those for static except for the short session
lengths.
3. Kinematic Mode of GPS surveying

This is the mode of positioning form a moving


platform. i.e, when the antenna in motion.

In this method, where one antenna+receiver is


stationary and one antenna+receiver is moving.

In most surveying applications, a method called


“stop-and-go” kinematic is used.

The stationary receiver, called the base receiver, is


place at a known point while second receiver called
“rover” will visit all unknown points
4. Real time Kinematic GPS surveys

Real time kinematic (RTK) refers to stop-and-go


method where the coordinates of points are available
in real time.

In this method radio communication line is


maintained between the base receiver and the rover,
and the base receiver supplies the pseudo-range and
carrier phase measurements to the rover which in turn
computes its position and display the coordinates
5. Pseudo-Kinematic or Pseudo-static

This is combination of both static and kinematic


methods.

It has the speed of kinematic method but there is no


need to maintain lock on 4 satellites

It is the least precise of all methods but is more


productive that static.

This technique is suitable for areas where there are


obstructions to signal and crew movement

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